python - 使用 pip 在 python 中安装模块失败

Question

我在使用 pip 安装 python 模块时遇到问题。以下是命令窗口的输出:

请注意，我在尝试安装 GDAL 模块之前立即安装了 pip。

我在运行 python 2.7 的 w7 64 位机器上

    Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

C:\Users\jnunn\Desktop>python get-pip.py
Downloading/unpacking pip
Downloading pip-1.2.1.tar.gz (102Kb): 102Kb downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package pip

warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.txt' found under directory
'docs\_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_build\_sources'
Installing collected packages: pip
Running setup.py install for pip

warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.txt' found under directory
'docs\_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_build\_sources'
Installing pip-script.py script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip.exe script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip.exe.manifest script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip-2.7-script.py script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip-2.7.exe script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip-2.7.exe.manifest script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Successfully installed pip
Cleaning up...

C:\Users\jnunn\Desktop>pip install gdal
Downloading/unpacking gdal
Downloading GDAL-1.9.1.tar.gz (420kB): 420kB downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package gdal

Installing collected packages: gdal
Running setup.py install for gdal
building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo
/Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I
C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\include -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\PC -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS1
0.1\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include /Tpextensions/gdal_wrap.cpp /Fobuild\te
mp.win32-2.7\Release\extensions/gdal_wrap.obj
gdal_wrap.cpp
c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\INCLUDE\xlocale(342) :
warning C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled
. Specify /EHsc
extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(2853) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file
: 'cpl_port.h': No such file or directory
error: command '"c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\c
l.exe"' failed with exit status 2
Complete output from command C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\python.exe -c "import se
tuptools;__file__='c:\\users\\jnunn\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build\\gdal\\setu
p.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'
))" install --record c:\users\jnunn\appdata\local\temp\pip-f7tgze-record\install
-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build\lib.win32-2.7

copying gdal.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying ogr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying osr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

creating build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdal.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdal_array.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\ogr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\osr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

running build_ext

building 'osgeo._gdal' extension

creating build\temp.win32-2.7

creating build\temp.win32-2.7\Release

creating build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\extensions

c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox
/MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -IC:\P
ython26\ArcGIS10.1\include -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\PC -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\
lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include /Tpextensions/gdal_wrap.cpp /Fobuild\temp.w
in32-2.7\Release\extensions/gdal_wrap.obj

gdal_wrap.cpp

c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\INCLUDE\xlocale(342) : war
ning C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled. Sp
ecify /EHsc

extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(2853) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'c
pl_port.h': No such file or directory

error: command '"c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.ex
e"' failed with exit status 2

----------------------------------------
Command C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__file__='c:\\us
ers\\jnunn\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build\\gdal\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(_
_file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\u
sers\jnunn\appdata\local\temp\pip-f7tgze-record\install-record.txt --single-vers
ion-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in c:\users\jnunn\appdata\local\
temp\pip-build\gdal
Storing complete log in C:\Users\jnunn\pip\pip.log

C:\Users\jnunn\Desktop>

我之前也尝试过使用 easy_install，结果出现了一个常见的错误:

c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\INCLUDE\xlocale(342) : war
ning C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled. Sp
ecify /EHsc

extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(2853) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'c
pl_port.h': No such file or directory

error: command '"c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.ex
e"' failed with exit status 2

加上以下额外的 pip.log:

    Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 107, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 261, in run
requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1166, in install
requirement.install(install_options, global_options)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 589, in install
cwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\util.py", line 612, in call_subprocess
% (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__file__='c:\\users\\jnunn\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build\\gdal\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r    \n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\users\jnunn\appdata\local\temp\pip-f7tgze-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in c:\users\jnunn\appdata    \local\temp\pip-build\gdal

Answer 1

这个问题看起来与 Python GDAL package missing header file when installing via pip 非常相似这似乎有效 solution .

解释了具有 CPython 扩展的 Python 库的常见问题 here解决方案通常是:

install library by downloading and running windows binary package.