python - Tornado 协程

Question

我正在尝试学习 tornado 协程，但使用以下代码时出现错误。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\projekty\tornado\env\lib\site-packages\tornado\web.py", line 1334, in _execute
    result = yield result
  File "D:\projekty\tornado\env\lib\site-packages\tornado\gen.py", line 628, in run
    value = future.result()
  File "D:\projekty\tornado\env\lib\site-packages\tornado\concurrent.py", line 109, in result
    raise_exc_info(self._exc_info)
  File "D:\projekty\tornado\env\lib\site-packages\tornado\gen.py", line 631, in run
    yielded = self.gen.throw(*sys.exc_info())
  File "index.py", line 20, in get
    x = yield 'test'
  File "D:\projekty\tornado\env\lib\site-packages\tornado\gen.py", line 628, in run
    value = future.result()
  File "D:\projekty\tornado\env\lib\site-packages\tornado\concurrent.py", line 111, in result
    raise self._exception
BadYieldError: yielded unknown object 'test'

代码:

from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
from tornado.web import RequestHandler, Application, url
from tornado import gen

class HelloHandler(RequestHandler):
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self):
        x = yield 'test'
        self.render('hello.html')


def make_app():
    return Application(
        [url(r"/", HelloHandler)], 
        debug = True
    )

def main():
    app = make_app()
    app.listen(8888)
    IOLoop.instance().start()

main()

Answer 1

正如 Lutz Horn 指出的那样，tornado.coroutine 装饰器要求您仅生成 Future 对象或某些包含 Future 对象的容器。所以尝试生成 str 会引发错误。我认为你缺少的部分是协程中你想调用 yield something() 的任何地方，something 也必须是协程，或者返回 future 。例如，您可以像这样修复您的示例:

from tornado.gen import Return

class HelloHandler(RequestHandler):
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self):
        x = yield self.do_test()
        self.render('hello.html')

    @gen.coroutine
    def do_test(self):
        raise Return('test')
        # return 'test' # Python 3.3+

甚至这样(虽然通常你不应该这样做):

class HelloHandler(RequestHandler):
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self):
        x = yield self.do_test()
        self.render('hello.html')

    def do_test(self):
        fut = Future()
        fut.set_result("test")
        return fut

当然，这些都是人为的例子；由于我们实际上并没有在 do_test 中执行任何异步操作，因此没有理由将其设为协程。通常你会在那里做某种异步 I/O。例如:

class HelloHandler(RequestHandler):
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self):
        x = yield self.do_test()
        self.render('hello.html')

    @gen.coroutine
    def do_test(self):
        http_client = AsyncHTTPClient()
        out = yield http_client.fetch("someurl.com") # fetch is a coroutine
        raise Return(out.body)
        # return out.body # Python 3.3+