python - Django 2、python 3.4 无法解码 urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64)

Question

我正在尝试通过电子邮件激活用户，电子邮件有效，编码有效，我使用了 django1.11 中的一种方法，该方法运行成功。

在 Django 1.11 中，以下代码成功解码为 28，其中 uidb64 = b'Mjg'

force_text(urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64))

在 django 2 (2, 0, 0, 'final', 0) 上面的代码解码不工作并导致错误

django.utils.encoding.DjangoUnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xc8 in position 1: invalid continuation byte. You passed in b'l\xc8\xe0' (<class 'bytes'>)

我也发表一下我的看法以防万一

from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode, urlsafe_base64_decode    
def signup(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = SignUpForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.save(commit=False)
            user.is_active = False
            user.save()
            # auth_login(request, user)
            message = render_to_string('user_activate_email.html', {
                'user': user,
                'domain': Site.objects.get_current().domain,
                'uidb64': urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user.pk)),
                'token': account_activation_token.make_token(user),
            })
            mail_subject = 'Activate your blog account.'
            to_email = form.cleaned_data.get('email')
            email = EmailMessage(mail_subject, message, to=[to_email])
            email.send()
            messages.info(
                request, 'Activation link has been sent to your email!')
            # return redirect('home')
            return render(request, 'index.html')
    else:
        form = SignUpForm()
        return render(request, 'user_action.html', {'form': form})


def activate(request, uidb64, token):
    try:
        import pdb;
        pdb.set_trace()
        uid = urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64).decode()
        user = User.objects.get(pk=uid)
    except(TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError):
        user = None
    if user is not None and account_activation_token.check_token(user, token):

        user.refresh_from_db()
        user.is_active = True

        user.save()
        auth_login(request, user)
        messages.info(request, 'Your account has been activated successfully!')
        return redirect('events:home')
    else:
        messages.info(
            request, 'Activation link is invalid or has been activated')
        return redirect('events:home')

PS:这只是我使用 CBV 之前的试用。

编辑:包括回溯

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
December 15, 2017 - 05:51:01
Django version 2.0, using settings 'event_management.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
> /home/vipinmohan/django2-0/event/event_management/users/views.py(88)activate()
-> uid = urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64).decode()
(Pdb) n
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcc in position 1: invalid continuation byte
> /home/vipinmohan/django2-0/event/event_management/users/views.py(88)activate()
-> uid = urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64).decode()
(Pdb) n
> /home/vipinmohan/django2-0/event/event_management/users/views.py(90)activate()
-> except(TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError):
(Pdb) n
> /home/vipinmohan/django2-0/event/event_management/users/views.py(91)activate()
-> user = None
(Pdb) 

Answer 1

好的。经过一个小时的搜索(仍然是 python django 的初学者)，发行说明中指出了一个相关的变化，其定义对新手来说并不困难。 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/releases/2.0/#removed-support-for-bytestrings-in-some-places

To support native Python 2 strings, older Django versions had to accept both bytestrings and unicode strings. Now that Python 2 support is dropped, bytestrings should only be encountered around input/output boundaries (handling of binary fields or HTTP streams, for example). You might have to update your code to limit bytestring usage to a minimum, as Django no longer accepts bytestrings in certain code paths.

For example, reverse() now uses str() instead of force_text() to coerce the args and kwargs it receives, prior to their placement in the URL. For bytestrings, this creates a string with an undesired b prefix as well as additional quotes (str(b'foo') is "b'foo'"). To adapt, call decode() on the bytestring before passing it to reverse().

完全无法理解它的含义，我不得不更深入地研究实际的 django 核心代码。

所以从django 1.11到2.0编码变化如下

'uid': urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user.pk)),

到

'uid': urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user.pk)).decode(),

解码自

uid = force_text(urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64))

到

 uid = urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64).decode()

就是这样。希望这对某人有帮助。

***************编辑******************

从 Django 2.2 开始

django.utils.http.urlsafe_base64_encode() 现在返回字符串而不是字节串。

django.utils.http.urlsafe_base64_decode() 可能不再传递字节串。

感谢 Hillmark 指出这一点