python - 如何绘制堆叠事件持续时间(甘特图)

Question

我有一个 Pandas DataFrame，其中包含流量计开始测量流量的日期和站点退役的日期。我想生成一个以图形方式显示这些日期的图。这是我的 DataFrame 的示例:

import pandas as pd

data = {'index': [40623, 40637, 40666, 40697, 40728, 40735, 40742, 40773, 40796, 40819, 40823, 40845, 40867, 40887, 40945, 40964, 40990, 41040, 41091, 41100],
        'StationId': ['UTAHDWQ-5932100', 'UTAHDWQ-5932230', 'UTAHDWQ-5932240', 'UTAHDWQ-5932250', 'UTAHDWQ-5932253', 'UTAHDWQ-5932254', 'UTAHDWQ-5932280', 'UTAHDWQ-5932290', 'UTAHDWQ-5932750', 'UTAHDWQ-5983753', 'UTAHDWQ-5983754', 'UTAHDWQ-5983755', 'UTAHDWQ-5983756', 'UTAHDWQ-5983757', 'UTAHDWQ-5983759', 'UTAHDWQ-5983760', 'UTAHDWQ-5983775', 'UTAHDWQ-5989066', 'UTAHDWQ-5996780', 'UTAHDWQ-5996800'],
        'amin': ['1994-07-19 13:15:00', '2006-03-16 13:55:00', '1980-10-31 16:00:00', '1981-06-11 17:45:00', '2006-06-28 13:15:00', '2006-06-28 13:55:00', '1981-06-11 15:30:00', '1992-06-10 15:45:00', '2005-10-03 16:30:00', '2006-04-25 09:56:00', '2006-04-25 11:05:00', '2006-04-25 13:50:00', '2006-04-25 14:20:00', '2006-04-25 12:45:00', '2008-04-08 13:03:00', '2008-04-08 13:15:00', '2008-04-15 12:47:00', '2005-10-04 10:15:00', '1995-03-09 13:59:00', '1995-03-09 15:13:00'],
        'amax': ['1998-06-30 14:51:00', '2007-01-24 12:55:00', '2007-07-31 11:35:00', '1990-08-01 08:30:00', '2007-01-24 13:35:00', '2007-01-24 14:05:00', '2006-08-22 16:00:00', '1998-06-30 11:33:00', '2005-10-22 15:00:00', '2006-04-25 10:00:00', '2008-04-08 12:16:00', '2008-04-08 09:10:00', '2008-04-08 09:30:00', '2008-04-08 11:27:00', '2008-04-08 13:05:00', '2008-04-08 13:23:00', '2009-04-07 13:15:00', '2005-10-05 11:40:00', '1996-03-14 10:40:00', '1996-03-14 11:05:00']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df.set_index('index', inplace=True)

# display(df.head())

             StationId                 amin                 amax
index                                                           
40623  UTAHDWQ-5932100  1994-07-19 13:15:00  1998-06-30 14:51:00
40637  UTAHDWQ-5932230  2006-03-16 13:55:00  2007-01-24 12:55:00
40666  UTAHDWQ-5932240  1980-10-31 16:00:00  2007-07-31 11:35:00
40697  UTAHDWQ-5932250  1981-06-11 17:45:00  1990-08-01 08:30:00
40728  UTAHDWQ-5932253  2006-06-28 13:15:00  2007-01-24 13:35:00

我想创建一个与此类似的图(请注意，我没有使用上述数据制作此图):

绘图不必沿每行显示文本，只需在 y 轴上显示站点名称即可。

虽然这看起来像是 pandas 的小众应用，但我知道有几位科学家会从这种绘图功能中受益。

我能找到的最接近的答案在这里:

• How to plot stacked proportional graph?
• How to plot two columns of a pandas data frame using points
• Matplotlib timelines
• How to create a Gantt plot

最后一个答案最符合我的需求。

虽然我更喜欢通过 Pandas 包装器来完成此操作，但我对直接的 matplotlib 解决方案持开放态度和感激之情。

Answer 1

• 我认为您正在尝试创建甘特图。
• How to create a Gantt plot建议使用 hlines
• 在 matplotlib 3.4.2 中测试

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as dt

# using df from the OP

# convert columns to a datetime dtype
df.amin = pd.to_datetime(df.amin)
df.amax = pd.to_datetime(df.amax)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))
ax = ax.xaxis_date()
ax = plt.hlines(df.index, dt.date2num(df.amin), dt.date2num(df.amax))

• 下面的代码也有效

# using df from the OP

df.amin = pd.to_datetime(df.amin)
df.amax = pd.to_datetime(df.amax)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))
ax = plt.hlines(df.index, df.amin, df.amax)