python - 使用 geopy pandas 的坐标新列

Question

我有一个 df:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime as DT
import hmac
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
from geopy.distance import vincenty

df


     city_name  state_name  county_name
0    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
1    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
2    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
3    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
4    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
5    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
6    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
7    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
8    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA
9    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA

我想获取下方数据框中任意一列的纬度和经度坐标。使用各个位置的文档时，文档 ( http://geopy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/#data ) 非常简单。

>>> from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
>>> geolocator = Nominatim()
>>> location = geolocator.geocode("175 5th Avenue NYC")
>>> print(location.address)
Flatiron Building, 175, 5th Avenue, Flatiron, New York, NYC, New York,     ...
>>> print((location.latitude, location.longitude))
(40.7410861, -73.9896297241625)
>>> print(location.raw)
{'place_id': '9167009604', 'type': 'attraction', ...}

但是我想将该函数应用于 df 中的每一行并创建一个新列。我试过以下

df['city_coord'] = geolocator.geocode(lambda row: 'state_name' (row))

但我认为我的代码中遗漏了一些东西，因为我得到以下信息:

    city_name   state_name  county_name coordinates
0    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
1    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
2    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
3    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
4    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
5    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
6    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
7    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
8    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None
9    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    None

我希望使用 Lambda 函数来做这样的事情:

     city_name  state_name  county_name  city_coord
0    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
1    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
2    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
3    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
4    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
5    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
6    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
7    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
8    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456 
9    WASHINGTON  DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA    38.8949549, -77.0366456
10   GLYNCO      GA  GLYNN               31.2224512, -81.5101023

我很感激任何帮助。获得坐标后，我想绘制它们的 map 。也非常感谢任何推荐的映射坐标资源。谢谢

Answer 1

您可以调用 apply 并传递要在每一行上执行的函数，如下所示:

In [9]:

geolocator = Nominatim()
df['city_coord'] = df['state_name'].apply(geolocator.geocode)
df
Out[9]:
    city_name state_name       county_name  \
0  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA   
1  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA   

                                          city_coord  
0  (District of Columbia, United States of Americ...  
1  (District of Columbia, United States of Americ...  

然后您可以访问纬度和经度属性:

In [16]:

df['city_coord'] = df['city_coord'].apply(lambda x: (x.latitude, x.longitude))
df
Out[16]:
    city_name state_name       county_name                       city_coord
0  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA  (38.8937154, -76.9877934586326)
1  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA  (38.8937154, -76.9877934586326)

或者通过两次调用 apply 在一行中完成:

In [17]:
df['city_coord'] = df['state_name'].apply(geolocator.geocode).apply(lambda x: (x.latitude, x.longitude))
df

Out[17]:
    city_name state_name       county_name                       city_coord
0  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA  (38.8937154, -76.9877934586326)
1  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA  (38.8937154, -76.9877934586326)

您的尝试 geolocator.geocode(lambda row: 'state_name' (row)) 也没有做任何事情，因此为什么您有一列充满了 None 值

编辑

@leb 在这里提出了一个有趣的观点，如果您有很多重复值，那么对每个唯一值进行地理编码然后添加此内容会更高效:

In [38]:
states = df['state_name'].unique()
d = dict(zip(states, pd.Series(states).apply(geolocator.geocode).apply(lambda x: (x.latitude, x.longitude))))
d

Out[38]:
{'DC': (38.8937154, -76.9877934586326)}

In [40]:    
df['city_coord'] = df['state_name'].map(d)
df

Out[40]:
    city_name state_name       county_name                       city_coord
0  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA  (38.8937154, -76.9877934586326)
1  WASHINGTON         DC  DIST OF COLUMBIA  (38.8937154, -76.9877934586326)

所以上面使用 unique 获取所有唯一值，从它们构造一个字典，然后调用 map 执行查找并添加坐标，这将更多比尝试按行进行地理编码更有效