angular - 如何设置Angular cli + Angular universal？

Question

有人有使用 angular cli 项目安装 angular universal 的经验吗？

我试着遵循这个指南:

https://universal.angular.io/quickstart/

但是在我这样做之后:

typings install node express body-parser serve-static express-serve-static-core mime --global

我得到错误:

typings INFO globaldependencies "express" lists global dependencies on "node" that must be installed manually
typings ERR! message Unable to find "node" ("npm") in the registry.
typings ERR! message However, we found "node" for 2 other sources: "dt" and "env"
typings ERR! message You can install these using the "source" option.
typings ERR! message We could use your help adding these typings to the registry: https://github.com/typings/registry
typings ERR! caused by https://api.typings.org/entries/npm/node/versions/latest responded with 404, expected it to equal 200
typings ERR! 
typings ERR! cwd /home/universal
typings ERR! system Linux 3.10.17
typings ERR! command "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/typings" "install" "node" "express" "body-parser" "serve-static" "express-serve-static-core" "mime" "--global"
typings ERR! node -v v4.2.4
typings ERR! typings -v 2.0.0
typings ERR! 
typings ERR! If you need help, you may report this error at:
typings ERR!   <https://github.com/typings/typings/issues>

Answer 1

Angular Cli 现在在 1.3.0-rc.0 及更高版本中支持此功能。

您可以使用

安装此版本

npm install -g @angular/cli

---

Setup Instructions from Angular Cli Wiki on Universal Rendering

I have a demo app which can be found on GitHub

Source: https://github.com/joejordanbrown/angular-cli-universal

Live Demo: https://uixd.co.uk/open-source-software/angular-cli-universal/

---

第 1 步:创建新的 Angular Cli 应用

$ ng new angular-cli-universal

---

第二步:安装@angular/platform-server

将@angular/platform-server 安装到您的项目中。确保您使用与项目中其他@angular 包相同的版本。

$ npm install --save-dev @angular/platform-server

或

$ yarn add @angular/platform-server

---

第 3 步:为通用渲染准备您的应用

您需要做的第一件事是通过将 .withServerTransition() 和应用程序 ID 添加到您的 BrowserModule 导入，使您的 AppModule 与 Universal 兼容:

src/app/app.module.ts:

@NgModule({
  bootstrap: [AppComponent],
  imports: [
    // Add .withServerTransition() to support Universal rendering.
    // The application ID can be any identifier which is unique on
    // the page.
    BrowserModule.withServerTransition({appId: 'my-app'}),
    ...
  ],

})
export class AppModule {}

接下来，当您的应用程序在服务器上运行时，专门为您的应用程序创建一个模块。推荐将此模块命名为AppServerModule。

此示例将它与 app.module.ts 放在一个名为 app.server.module.ts 的文件中:

src/app/app.server.module.ts:

import {NgModule} from '@angular/core';
import {ServerModule} from '@angular/platform-server';

import {AppModule} from './app.module';
import {AppComponent} from './app.component';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    // The AppServerModule should import your AppModule followed
    // by the ServerModule from @angular/platform-server.
    AppModule,
    ServerModule,
  ],
  // Since the bootstrapped component is not inherited from your
  // imported AppModule, it needs to be repeated here.
  bootstrap: [AppComponent],
})
export class AppServerModule {}

---

第 4 步:创建服务器主文件和 tsconfig 以构建它

为您的通用包创建主文件。该文件只需要导出您的 AppServerModule。它可以进入 src。此示例调用此文件 main.server.ts:

src/main.server.ts:

export {AppServerModule} from './app/app.server.module';

将 tsconfig.app.json 复制到 tsconfig-server.json 并将其更改为使用“commonjs”的“模块”目标进行构建。

为“angularCompilerOptions”添加一个部分并将“entryModule”设置为您的 AppServerModule，指定为带有包含符号名称的散列 (#) 的导入路径。在此示例中，这将是 src/app/app.server.module#AppServerModule。

src/tsconfig.server.json:

{
  "extends": "../tsconfig.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "outDir": "../out-tsc/app",
    "baseUrl": "./",
    // Set the module format to "commonjs":
    "module": "commonjs",
    "types": []
  },
  "exclude": [
    "test.ts",
    "**/*.spec.ts"
  ],
  // Add "angularCompilerOptions" with the AppServerModule you wrote
  // set as the "entryModule".
  "angularCompilerOptions": {
    "entryModule": "app/app.server.module#AppServerModule"
  }
}

---

第 5 步:创建 NodeJS 服务器文件您需要创建一个 NodeJS 服务器来呈现和提供应用程序。这个例子使用 express 。

安装快速和压缩

$ npm install --save express compression @nguniversal/express-engine

或

$ yarn add express compression @nguniversal/express-engine

src/express.server.js:

const path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs');
const express = require('express');
const compression = require('compression');
const ngExpressEngine = require('@nguniversal/express-engine').ngExpressEngine;

require('zone.js/dist/zone-node');
require('rxjs/add/operator/filter');
require('rxjs/add/operator/map');
require('rxjs/add/operator/mergeMap');

var hash;
fs.readdirSync(__dirname).forEach(file => {
  if (file.startsWith('main')) {
    hash = file.split('.')[1];
  }
});

const AppServerModuleNgFactory = require('./main.' + hash + '.bundle').AppServerModuleNgFactory;

const app = express();
const port = Number(process.env.PORT || 8080);

app.engine('html', ngExpressEngine({
  baseUrl: 'http://localhost:' + port,
  bootstrap: AppServerModuleNgFactory
}));


app.set('view engine', 'html');
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, '/../browser'));

app.use(compression());
app.use('/', express.static(path.join(__dirname, '/../browser'), {index: false}));


app.get('/*', function (req, res) {
  res.render('index', {
    req: req,
    // res: res
  });
});

app.listen(port, function() {
  console.log(`Listening at ${port}`);
});

---

第 6 步:在 .angular-cli.json 中创建一个新项目

在 .angular-cli.json 中，键“apps”下有一个数组。在那里复制您的客户端应用程序的配置，并将其作为新条目粘贴到数组中，并将附加键“平台”设置为“服务器”。

然后，删除“polyfills”键——服务器上不需要这些，并调整“main”和“tsconfig”以指向您在第 2 步中编写的文件。最后，将“outDir”调整为新的位置(此示例使用 dist/server)。

.angular-cli.json:

{
  ...
  "apps": [
    {
      // Keep your original application config the same apart from changing outDir to dist/browser.
      // It will be app 0.
      "outDir": "dist/browser",
    },
    {
      // This is your server app. It is app 1.
      "platform": "server",
      "root": "src",
      // Build to dist/server instead of dist. This prevents
      // client and server builds from overwriting each other.
      "outDir": "dist/server",
      "assets": [
        "assets",
        "favicon.ico",
        "express.server.js"
      ],
      "index": "index.html",
      // Change the main file to point to your server main.
      "main": "main.server.ts",
      // Remove polyfills.
      // "polyfills": "polyfills.ts",
      "test": "test.ts",
      // Change the tsconfig to point to your server config.
      "tsconfig": "tsconfig.server.json",
      "testTsconfig": "tsconfig.spec.json",
      "prefix": "app",
      "styles": [
        "styles.css"
      ],
      "scripts": [],
      "environmentSource": "environments/environment.ts",
      "environments": {
        "dev": "environments/environment.ts",
        "prod": "environments/environment.prod.ts"
      }
    }
  ],
  ...
}

---

构建 bundle

完成这些步骤后，您应该能够为您的应用程序构建一个服务器包，使用 --app 标志告诉 CLI 构建服务器包，在 . Angular -cli.json:

# This builds the client application in dist/browser/
$ ng build --prod
...
# This builds the server bundle in dist/server/
$ ng build --prod --app 1
Date: 2017-07-24T22:42:09.739Z
Hash: 9cac7d8e9434007fd8da
Time: 4933ms
chunk {0} main.988d7a161bd984b7eb54.bundle.js (main) 9.49 kB [entry] [rendered]
chunk {1} styles.d41d8cd98f00b204e980.bundle.css (styles) 0 bytes [entry] [rendered]

---

启动快速服务器

$ node dist/server/express.server.js

View the Angular Cli Wiki for more details https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/wiki/stories-universal-rendering