c - 在 C 中读取和写入 rsa key 到 pem 文件

Question

我正在编写一个 C 程序来为 RSA 生成 key 并将它们写入一个文件，然后从中读取。作业要求我以 openssl 格式生成文件。所以，我选择了PEM。现在，我有以下创建文件的功能

rsa = RSA_new();
// These 3 keys are generated beforehand
rsa->e = e;
rsa->n = n;
rsa->d = d;

fp = fopen(pubkey_file, "w");
if(!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(fp, rsa))
{
    printf("\n%s\n", "Error writing public key");
}
fflush(fp);
fclose(fp);

fp = fopen(privkey_file, "w");
// pRsaKey = EVP_PKEY_new();
// EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA(pRsaKey, rsa);
if(!PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(fp, rsa, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL))
// if (!PEM_write_PrivateKey(fp, pRsaKey, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL))
{
    printf("\n%s\n", "Error writing private key");
}
fflush(fp);
fclose(fp);

这是读取文件的函数

rsa = RSA_new();
fp = fopen(pubkey_file, "r");
if(PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, &rsa, NULL, NULL) == NULL)
{
    printf("\n%s\n", "Error Reading public key");
    return;
}

fclose(fp);
BN_bn2bin(rsa->n, (unsigned char *)modulus);
BN_bn2bin(rsa->e, (unsigned char *)exp);
printf("\n%s\n%s\n", exp, modulus);
RSA_free(rsa);

// pRsaKey = EVP_PKEY_new();
fp = fopen(privkey_file, "r");
if(fp)
    // if((PEM_read_PrivateKey(fp, &pRsaKey, NULL, NULL)) == NULL)
    if((PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(fp, &rsa, NULL, NULL)) == NULL)
    {
        printf("\n%s\n", "Error Reading private key");
        return;
    }
// rsa = RSA_new();
// rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pRsaKey);
fclose(fp);

公钥按要求写入和读取，但provate key失败。我试过同时使用 rsa 和 evp(在上面的代码中有注释)来编写。但是，两者都失败了。我无法理解为什么会发生这种情况，也无法尝试找到调试此问题的位置。任何人都可以为此提供一些指示吗？

Answer 1

RSA key 是对称的，您可以将它们中的任何一个用作私钥或公钥，这只是您选择的问题(但 DSA key 不是对称的)。下面的程序生成两个 2048 位长的 RSA key ，然后将它们保存到文件中并将它们读回内存。这应该会让您知道如何去做。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <openssl/bio.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/rsa.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>

const char* pcszPassphrase = "open sezamee";

static void gen_callback(int iWhat, int inPrime, void* pParam);
static void init_openssl(void);
static void cleanup_openssl(void);
static int passwd_callback(char *pcszBuff,int size,int rwflag, void *pPass);
static EVP_PKEY* create_rsa_key(void);
static void handle_openssl_error(void);

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int iRet = EXIT_SUCCESS;
    EVP_PKEY* pPrivKey = NULL;
    EVP_PKEY* pPubKey  = NULL;
    FILE*     pFile    = NULL;
    const EVP_CIPHER* pCipher = NULL;
    init_openssl();

    pPrivKey = create_rsa_key();
    pPubKey  = create_rsa_key();

    if(pPrivKey && pPubKey)
    {/* Save the keys */
        if((pFile = fopen("privkey.pem","wt")) && (pCipher = EVP_aes_256_cbc()))
        {

            if(!PEM_write_PrivateKey(pFile,pPrivKey,pCipher,
                                    (unsigned char*)pcszPassphrase,
                                    (int)strlen(pcszPassphrase),NULL,NULL))
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"PEM_write_PrivateKey failed.\n");
                handle_openssl_error();
                iRet = EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            fclose(pFile);
            pFile = NULL;
            if(iRet == EXIT_SUCCESS)
            {
                if((pFile = fopen("pubkey.pem","wt")) && PEM_write_PUBKEY(pFile,pPubKey))
                    fprintf(stderr,"Both keys saved.\n");
                else
                {
                    handle_openssl_error();
                    iRet = EXIT_FAILURE;
                }
                if(pFile)
                {
                    fclose(pFile);
                    pFile = NULL;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"Cannot create \"privkey.pem\".\n");
            handle_openssl_error();
            iRet = EXIT_FAILURE;
            if(pFile)
            {
                fclose(pFile);
                pFile = NULL;
            }
        }
        if(iRet == EXIT_SUCCESS)
        {/* Read the keys */
            EVP_PKEY_free(pPrivKey);
            pPrivKey = NULL;
            EVP_PKEY_free(pPubKey);
            pPubKey = NULL;

            if((pFile = fopen("privkey.pem","rt")) && 
               (pPrivKey = PEM_read_PrivateKey(pFile,NULL,passwd_callback,(void*)pcszPassphrase)))
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Private key read.\n");
            }
            else
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Cannot read \"privkey.pem\".\n");
                handle_openssl_error();
                iRet = EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
            if(pFile)
            {
                fclose(pFile);
                pFile = NULL;
            }

            if((pFile = fopen("pubkey.pem","rt")) && 
               (pPubKey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(pFile,NULL,NULL,NULL)))
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Public key read.\n");
            }
            else
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Cannot read \"pubkey.pem\".\n");
                handle_openssl_error();
                iRet = EXIT_FAILURE;
            }
        }
    }

    if(pPrivKey)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_free(pPrivKey);
        pPrivKey = NULL;
    }
    if(pPubKey)
    {
        EVP_PKEY_free(pPubKey);
        pPubKey = NULL;
    }
    cleanup_openssl();
    return iRet;
}

EVP_PKEY* create_rsa_key(void)
{
    RSA *pRSA      = NULL;
    EVP_PKEY* pKey = NULL;
    pRSA = RSA_generate_key(2048,RSA_3,gen_callback,NULL);
    pKey = EVP_PKEY_new();
    if(pRSA && pKey && EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA(pKey,pRSA))
    {
        /* pKey owns pRSA from now */
        if(RSA_check_key(pRSA) <= 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"RSA_check_key failed.\n");
            handle_openssl_error();
            EVP_PKEY_free(pKey);
            pKey = NULL;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        handle_openssl_error();
        if(pRSA)
        {
            RSA_free(pRSA);
            pRSA = NULL;
        }
        if(pKey)
        {
            EVP_PKEY_free(pKey);
            pKey = NULL;
        }
    }
    return pKey;
}

void gen_callback(int iWhat, int inPrime, void* pParam)
{
    char c='*';
    switch(iWhat)
    {
        case 0: c = '.';  break;
        case 1: c = '+';  break;
        case 2: c = '*';  break;
        case 3: c = '\n'; break;
    }
    fprintf(stderr,"%c",c);
}

int passwd_callback(char *pcszBuff,int size,int rwflag, void *pPass)
{
    size_t unPass = strlen((char*)pPass);
    if(unPass > (size_t)size)
        unPass = (size_t)size;
    memcpy(pcszBuff, pPass, unPass);
    return (int)unPass;
}

void init_openssl(void)
{
    if(SSL_library_init())
    {
        SSL_load_error_strings();
        OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
        RAND_load_file("/dev/urandom", 1024);
    }
    else
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void cleanup_openssl(void)
{
    CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data();
    ERR_free_strings();
    ERR_remove_thread_state(0);
    EVP_cleanup();
}

void handle_openssl_error(void)
{
    ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
}