c - 在退出时关闭文件描述符是一种好习惯吗

Question

如果由于某种原因，我发现我的程序出现致命情况，我想退出并返回一个错误代码。有时， fatal error 的上下文超出了其他文件描述符的范围。关闭这些文件描述符是一种好习惯吗？据我所知，这些文件会在进程结束时自动关闭。

Answer 1

文件会自动关闭，但这是一个好习惯。

请参阅此示例中的 valgrind

david@debian:~$ cat demo.c
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    FILE *f;

    f = fopen("demo.c", "r");
    return 0;
}
david@debian:~$ valgrind ./demo
==3959== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==3959== Copyright (C) 2002-2010, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==3959== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==3959== Command: ./demo
==3959== 
==3959== 
==3959== HEAP SUMMARY:
==3959==     in use at exit: 568 bytes in 1 blocks
==3959==   total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 568 bytes allocated
==3959== 
==3959== LEAK SUMMARY:
==3959==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3959==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3959==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3959==    still reachable: 568 bytes in 1 blocks
==3959==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==3959== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==3959== 
==3959== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==3959== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 4 from 4)

如您所见，它引发了内存泄漏

在某些情况下，您可以使用 atexit():

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static FILE *f;

static void free_all(void)
{
    fclose(f);
}

static int check(void)
{
    return 0;
}

int main(void)
{
    atexit(free_all);
    f = fopen("demo.c", "r");
    if (!check()) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    /* more code */
    return 0;
}