c - Valgrind 大喊未初始化的字节

Question

Valgrind 抛出这个错误:

==11204== Syscall param write(buf) points to uninitialised byte(s)
==11204==    at 0x4109033: write (in /lib/libc-2.13.so)
==11204==    by 0x8049654: main (mmboxman.c:289)
==11204==  Address 0xbe92f861 is on thread 1's stack
==11204== 

有什么问题？我找不到它在喊什么未初始化的字节。以下是犯罪代码行(提到的 289 行是调用函数 lockUp 的代码行):

Request request;            
Response response;              

fillRequest(&request, MANADDUSER, getpid(), argument1, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
lockUp(&request, &response, NULL);

这里是函数原型(prototype)和结构声明:

void fillRequest(Request *request, char code, pid_t pid, char *name1, char *name2, char   *object, int id, size_t size)
{
    int k;

    request->code = code;
    request->pid = getpid();

    if(name1)    for(k=0; k<strlen(name1)+1; k++)   request->name1[k] = name1[k];
    else         request->name1[0] = '\0';

    if(name2)    for(k=0; k<strlen(name2)+1; k++)   request->name2[k] = name2[k];
    else         request->name2[0] = '\0';  

    if(object)   for(k=0; k<strlen(name2)+1; k++)   request->name2[k] = name2[k];
    else         request->object[0] = '\0'; 

    request->id    = id;
    request->size = size;
}

void lockUp(Request *request, Response *response, void **buffer)
{
    int fifofrom, fifoto, lock;     /* file descriptor delle fifo e del lock */

    /* locko per l'accesso alle FIFO */
    if((lock = open(LOCK, O_RDONLY)) == -1)   logMmboxman("error in opening LOCK\n", 1);
    else                                      logMmboxman("opened LOCK\n", 0);

    if(flock(lock, LOCK_EX) == -1)            logMmboxman("error in acquiring LOCK\n", 1);              
    else                                              logMmboxman("acquired LOCK\n", 0);  

    /* apro la fifoto e scrivo la mia richiesta */
    if((fifoto = open(FIFOTOMMBOXD, O_WRONLY)) == -1)   logMmboxman("error in opening FIFOTO\n", 1); 
    else                                                logMmboxman("opened FIFOTO\n", 0);  

    if((write(fifoto, request, sizeof(Request))) != sizeof(Request))   logMmboxman("error in writing FIFOTO\n", 1);
    else                                                               logMmboxman("written on FIFOTO\n", 0);
    close(fifoto);

    /* rimango in attesa della risposta da mmboxd sulla fifofrom */
    if((fifofrom = open(FIFOFROMMMBOXD, O_RDONLY)) == -1)   logMmboxman("error in opening FIFOFROM\n", 1);
    else                                                    logMmboxman("opened FIFOFROM\n", 0);

    if((read(fifofrom, response, sizeof(Response))) != sizeof(Response))   logMmboxman("error in reading FIFOFROM\n", 1);
    else                                                                   logMmboxman("read from FIFOFROM\n", 0);
    close(fifofrom);

    /* se mi deve comunicare un buffer riapro la fifo e lo leggo */
    if(response->size)
    {
            if((fifofrom = open(FIFOFROMMMBOXD, O_RDONLY)) == -1)   logMmboxman("error in opening FIFOFROM again for the buffer\n", 1);
            else                                                    logMmboxman("opened FIFOFROM again for the buffer\n", 0);

            *buffer = (void*)malloc(response->size);

            if(read(fifofrom, *buffer, response->size) != response->size)   logMmboxman("error in reading FIFOFROM again for the buffer\n", 1);
            else                                                            logMmboxman("read from FIFOFROM again for the buffer\n", 0);
            close(fifofrom);    
    }

    /* letta la risposta rilascio il lock */
    if(flock(lock, LOCK_UN) == -1)            logMmboxman("error in releasing LOCK\n", 1);              
    else                                      logMmboxman("released LOCK\n", 0);  

    return;
}

typedef struct 
{
    char code;          
    pid_t pid;          
    char name1[41];     
    char name2[41];     
    char object[101];   
    int id;             
    size_t size;        
} Request;

typedef struct 
{
    char result;    
    int num;        
    int num2;   
    size_t size;    
} Response;

Answer 1

您的 Request 结构包含数组 name1、name2 等，其中包含以 null 结尾的字符串。当您填充它们时，您不会写过空终止符。稍后当您将结构写入文件时，valgrind 会报错，因为这些字节未初始化。还可能有其他未初始化的字节(例如，编译器插入的填充)。

除了一个小的安全问题外，这不一定是个问题:之前可能包含敏感信息的内存内容将被写入文件。

您可以在填充其字段之前将结构 memset 为 0 以避免此错误。