android - 如何使用无障碍服务？

Question

我正在研究 AccessibilityService。我研究了什么是无障碍服务以及我们为什么使用它，无障碍服务有什么优势。所以我尝试制作一个辅助功能服务的演示，看看它是如何工作的，当电子邮件或任何 whatsapp，微信消息出现时，它会以哪种方式发送，但我没有成功。当我开始这个项目时，我在 StartService(i) 线上得到了 Exception；因此，请仔细查看这段代码并指出我犯了什么错误，您的评论和建议对我和 AccessibilityService 初学者都非常有帮助。

我使用的代码

在 MainActivity 中...

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
        startService(i);
    }
}

在 AccessibilityService 类中...

public class MyService extends AccessibilityService{


    @Override
    public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Log.i("Accessibility", "onAccessibilityEvent");
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onAccessibilityEvent", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    @Override
    public void onInterrupt() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Log.i("Interrupt", "Interrupt");
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onInterrupt", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    }

    @Override
    protected void onServiceConnected() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onServiceConnected();
        Log.i("Service", "Connected");
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "onServiceConnected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

}

在 list 文件中...

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE" />
<application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.notifications.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <service
        android:name="MyService"
        android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE" >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService" />
        </intent-filter>

        <meta-data
            android:name="android.accessibilityservice"
            android:resource="@xml/accessibilityservice" />
    </service>

    </application>

在 res/xml 文件夹中，即 accessibilityservice.xml 文件...

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<accessibility-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeNotificationStateChanged"
    android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackAllMask"
    android:notificationTimeout="100" />

我得到的logcat...

06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.example.notifications/com.example.notifications.MainActivity}: java.lang.SecurityException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.example.notifications/.MyService } without permission android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1659)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1675)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:121)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:943)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:130)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3701)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:866)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:624)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707): Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.example.notifications/.MyService } without permission android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:867)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:336)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at com.example.notifications.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:15)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1047)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1623)
06-29 01:58:40.798: E/AndroidRuntime(21707):    ... 11 more

Answer 1

您不能“启动”AccessibilityService，因为它们与您可以控制其启动/停止的其他服务不同。在这里，Android 系统根据用户选择的设置来控制它们的启动和停止。

您最好的办法是启动辅助功能设置页面并让用户为您启用它:

Intent openSettings = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS);
openSettings.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY);
startActivity(openSettings);

希望对您有所帮助!