c - 我的 C 代码中的错误 "segmentation fault"

Question

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>


int firstState(char s[], int length);
int secondState(char s[], int length);
int thirdState(char s[], int length);
int forthState(char s[], int length);

int main()
{
    char string[10];

    gets(string);

    if( firstState(string, 0) )
        printf("Accept\n");
    else
        printf( "Not accept\n" );

    return 0;
}

int firstState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return (secondState(s, length++));
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return firstState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

int secondState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return secondState(s, length++);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return thirdState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

int thirdState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return secondState(s, length++);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return forthState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

int forthState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return secondState(s, length++);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return firstState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

它给了我一个段错误或核心转储，我很困惑!!!有人可以解释为什么它给了我这种错误吗？？？？并告诉我如何调试才能让我的代码运行的非常清晰!!

我真的厌倦了这个:(

抱歉我的英语不好

Answer 1

你有一个无限递归，

return (secondState(s, length++));

传递的 length 参数是递增前 length 的值，因此您只需查看第一个 char。

将 length 参数作为 length + 1 传递，并检查 length 是否小于 10(char 的长度 数组 string).

另外，

gets(string);

是非常不安全的，如果输入超过九个字符，你就写在分配的内存之外。使用

fgets(string, sizeof string, stdin);

相反。

---

嗯，由于只需要上述修复和改变一个返回值，所以大部分逻辑是正确的，修复代码:

// #include<string.h> <- We don't use that
#include<stdio.h>

// Match the grammar (a+b)*abb

int firstState(char s[], int length);    // nothing of the suffix matched
int secondState(char s[], int length);   // matched one character of the suffix
int thirdState(char s[], int length);    // matched two
int forthState(char s[], int length);    // matched the complete suffix

int main()
{
    char string[10];
    // Get a 0-terminated string into the buffer.
    fgets(string, sizeof string, stdin);

    if( firstState(string, 0) )
        printf("Accept\n");
    else
        printf( "Not accept\n" );

    return 0;
}

int firstState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // first character of suffix matched
        return (secondState(s, length+1));
    else if(s[length] == 'b')  // nothing matched
        return firstState(s, length+1);
    else    // end of string in not-accepting state
        return 0;
}

int secondState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // the old matched 'a' wasn't part of the suffix, the new may be
        return secondState(s, length+1);
    else if(s[length] == 'b') // now matched two characters of the suffix
        return thirdState(s, length+1);
    else    // end of string in not-accepting state
        return 0;
}

int thirdState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // last three chars aba, the last 'a' could be part of the suffix
        return secondState(s, length+1);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')  // full suffix matched
        return forthState(s, length+1);
    else    // end of string in not-accepting state
        return 0;
}

int forthState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // another char, start a new candidate for the suffix
        return secondState(s, length+1);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')  // another char, can't be part of the suffix, start over
        return firstState(s, length+1);
    else        // end of string in accepting state, yay!
        return 1;
        // return s[length] == '\0';
        // if characters other than 'a' and 'b' need not signal the end of the string
}