android - 是否可以仅使用搜索小部件 (SearchView) 传递搜索上下文数据？

Question

根据official documentation ，有两种提供搜索界面的方法:使用搜索对话框或 SearchView 小部件。我想注意使用这两种方式传递搜索上下文数据。

因此，documentation说:

..you can provide additional data in the intent that the system sends to your searchable activity. You can pass the additional data in the APP_DATA Bundle, which is included in the ACTION_SEARCH intent.

To pass this kind of data to your searchable activity, override the onSearchRequested() method for the activity from which the user can perform a search, create a Bundle with the additional data, and call startSearch() to activate the search dialog. For example:

@Override
public boolean onSearchRequested() {
     Bundle appData = new Bundle();
     appData.putBoolean(SearchableActivity.JARGON, true);
     startSearch(null, false, appData, false);
     return true;
}

..Once the user submits a query, it's delivered to your searchable activity along with the data you've added. You can extract the extra data from the APP_DATA Bundle to refine the search. For example:

Bundle appData = getIntent().getBundleExtra(SearchManager.APP_DATA);
if (appData != null) {
    boolean jargon = appData.getBoolean(SearchableActivity.JARGON);
}

这是指搜索对话框。那么搜索小部件呢？

是否可以仅使用 SearchView 小部件传递搜索上下文数据？

希望有人能给出明确的解释和/或建议另一种或类似的方法来实现目标。

谢谢!

Answer 1

我找到了解决方案。甚至两个解决方案!

他们不需要调用 onSearchRequested() 因此根本没有搜索对话框 :)

首先，我提供了一些创建搜索界面的常用步骤，然后给出了源问题的解决方案。

我们通过使用以下代码创建 res/menu/options_menu.xml 文件，将搜索 View 添加到应用栏:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <item
        android:id="@+id/action_search"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_action_search"
        android:title="@string/search_string"
        app:showAsAction="collapseActionView|ifRoom"
        app:actionViewClass="android.support.v7.widget.SearchView" />

</menu>

在 res/xml/searchable.xml 文件中创建可搜索配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:hint="@string/search_hint" />

在AndroidManifest.xml中声明两个 Activity :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.searchinterface">

    <application
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <activity android:name=".SearchableActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:launchMode="singleTop">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable"
                android:resource="@xml/searchable"/>
        </activity>

    </application>

</manifest>

创建一个可搜索 Activity ，我们在其中处理从 MainActivity 传递的 ACTION_SEARCH Intent 和搜索上下文数据。我们从 APP_DATA Bundle 中提取额外的数据来优化搜索:

public class SearchableActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final String JARGON = "com.example.searchinterface.jargon";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_searchable);

        handleIntent(getIntent());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
        super.onNewIntent(intent);

        handleIntent(intent);
    }

    private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {

        if (Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())) {
            String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);
            // use the query to search the data somehow

            Bundle appData = intent.getBundleExtra(SearchManager.APP_DATA);
            if (appData != null) {
                boolean jargon = appData.getBoolean(SearchableActivity.JARGON);
                // use the context data to refine our search
            }
        }
    }
}

现在，我们需要实现我们的 MainActivity 类。因此，我们扩充菜单并配置 SearchView 元素。我们还需要设置 SearchView.OnQueryTextListener 并实现它的方法，尤其是 onQueryTextSubmit()。它在用户按下提交按钮时被调用，它包含将搜索上下文数据传递给 SearchableActivity 的主要逻辑。最后，我们到达了主要答案部分。正如我所说，有两种解决方案:

<强>1。使用 Bundle extra 创建一个 intent 并手动将其发送到 SearchableActivity；

这是包含所有必要内容的 MainActivity:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements SearchView.OnQueryTextListener {
    private SearchView mSearchView;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.options_menu, menu);

        MenuItem searchItem = menu.findItem(R.id.action_search);
        mSearchView = (SearchView) MenuItemCompat.getActionView(searchItem);

        // associate searchable configuration with the SearchView
        SearchManager searchManager = (SearchManager) getSystemService(Context.SEARCH_SERVICE);
        mSearchView.setSearchableInfo(searchManager.getSearchableInfo(
                new ComponentName(this, SearchableActivity.class)));

        mSearchView.setOnQueryTextListener(this);

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
        Intent searchIntent = new Intent(this, SearchableActivity.class);
        searchIntent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, query);

        Bundle appData = new Bundle();
        appData.putBoolean(SearchableActivity.JARGON, true); // put extra data to Bundle
        searchIntent.putExtra(SearchManager.APP_DATA, appData); // pass the search context data
        searchIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEARCH);

        startActivity(searchIntent);

        return true; // we start the search activity manually
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
        return false;
    }
}

感谢https://stackoverflow.com/a/22184137/6411150 .

第二种方案也放在onQueryTextSubmit()中(但不是必须的):

<强>2。创建搜索上下文数据 Bundle 并将其传递给 SearchView 的 setAppSearchData() 方法。

因此，我们不需要创建和传递整个搜索 Intent 并启动相应的可搜索 Activity ，系统会处理它。

这是另一个代码 fragment :

/*
 You may need to suppress the “restrictedApi” error that you could possibly
 receive from this method "setAppSearchData(appData)”.I had to
 I’m targetSdkVersion 26. I’m also using Android Studio 3 
 with the new gradle plugin, which might be causing this.

 If you’re not running Android Studio 3 you can simply put
 “//noinspection RestrictedApi" 
  right above the line: mSearchView.setAppSearchData(appData);
 */
@SuppressWarnings("RestrictedApi")
@Override
public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
    Bundle appData = new Bundle();
    appData.putBoolean(SearchableActivity.JARGON, true); // put extra data to Bundle
    mSearchView.setAppSearchData(appData); // pass the search context data

    return false; // we do not need to start the search activity manually, the system does it for us 
}

感谢https://stackoverflow.com/a/38295904/6411150 .

注意:仅支持库版本的SearchView (android.support.v7.widget.SearchView) 包含setAppSearchData( ) 方法，所以要注意。