c - Gtk+ 和 OpenGL 绑定(bind)

Question

简单而简短:最先进的 GTK+ OpenGL 绑定(bind)是什么？我更喜欢一个允许我使用它类似于 QGLWidget 的小部件。

注意:我偶然发现了 gtkglext、gtkglarea 和 clutter。我读到前两个有缺点/严重问题。

Answer 1

更新:

自 Gtk+-3.16 以后，不使用以下任何内容!

如果你想使用当前最先进的顶点/像素着色器，你应该使用最新的 gnome 并依赖它的 caps:

广泛涵盖在 https://www.bassi.io/articles/2015/02/17/using-opengl-with-gtk/ 中

---

好的，我在过去的 2 个小时里读了很多东西，我的结果是:

• gtkglext 将后端完全替换为 OpenGL，这不是我的本意
• clutter 将所有 native gl 调用封装到对象中并且根本不支持 native gl 调用，尽管它提供了许多预定义的过滤器和有趣的东西

• gtkglarea 看起来不错，它的设计很可爱。它与Qt中的QGLWidget的使用风格相同(据我所知)simple demo of gtkglarea :

  #include <math.h>
  #include <gtk/gtk.h>
  #include <GL/gl.h>
  #include <gtkgl/gtkglarea.h>
  
  int init (GtkWidget *widget)
  {
  if (gtk_gl_area_make_current (GTK_GL_AREA(widget)))
    {
    glViewport(0,0, widget->allocation.width, widget->allocation.height);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glOrtho(0,100, 100,0, -1,1);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    }
  
  return TRUE;
  }
  
  int draw (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventExpose *event)
  {
  if (event->count > 0) return TRUE;
  
  if (gtk_gl_area_make_current (GTK_GL_AREA(widget)))
    {
    glClearColor(0,0,0,1);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(1,1,1);
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
    glVertex2f(10,10);
    glVertex2f(10,90);
    glVertex2f(90,90);
    glEnd();
    gtk_gl_area_swap_buffers (GTK_GL_AREA(widget));
    }
  
  return TRUE;
  }
  
  int reshape (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventConfigure *event)
  {
  if (gtk_gl_area_make_current (GTK_GL_AREA(widget)))
    glViewport(0,0, widget->allocation.width, widget->allocation.height);
  
  return TRUE;
  }
  
  int main (int argc, char **argv)
  {
  GtkWidget *window, *glarea;
  
  int attrlist[] = {
  GDK_GL_RGBA,
  GDK_GL_RED_SIZE,1,
  GDK_GL_GREEN_SIZE,1,
  GDK_GL_BLUE_SIZE,1,
  GDK_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER,
  GDK_GL_NONE };
  
  gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
  if (gdk_gl_query () == FALSE) return 0;
  
  window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW(window), "Simple");
  gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER(window), 10);
  g_signal_connect (window, "delete_event",
  G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit), NULL);
  
  /* You should always delete gtk_gl_area widgets before exit or else
     GLX contexts are left undeleted, this may cause problems (=core dump)
     in some systems.
     Destroy method of objects is not automatically called on exit.
     You need to manually enable this feature. Do gtk_quit_add_destroy()
     for all your top level windows unless you are certain that they get
     destroy signal by other means. */
  
  gtk_quit_add_destroy (1, GTK_OBJECT(window));
  
  glarea = GTK_WIDGET(gtk_gl_area_new (attrlist));
  gtk_widget_set_size_request (GTK_WIDGET(glarea), 100, 100);
  
  gtk_widget_set_events (GTK_WIDGET(glarea), GDK_EXPOSURE_MASK | GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK);
  
  g_signal_connect (glarea, "expose_event", G_CALLBACK(draw), NULL);
  g_signal_connect (glarea, "configure_event", G_CALLBACK(reshape), NULL);
  g_signal_connect (glarea, "realize", G_CALLBACK(init), NULL);
  
  gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER(window), GTK_WIDGET(glarea));
  gtk_widget_show (GTK_WIDGET(glarea));
  gtk_widget_show (GTK_WIDGET(window));
  
  gtk_main ();
  return 0;
  }
  

注意:gtkglarea 仍然存在一些问题，例如退出时的核心转储(至少 1.99)

注2:2.0.1版本修复了这个问题

编辑:对于那些寻求 2D 的人来说，只有 cairo 似乎是最合适的。