c++ - wxWebConnect 的 Linux 动态链接错误

Question

我为它使用和开发 wxWebConnect 和 Python 绑定(bind)(参见 http://github.com/jonmmorgan/wxwebconnect/ 和 http://github.com/jonmmorgan/pywebconnect/ )。这些以前都是在 Linux 上构建的。但是，当添加对 XRC 处理程序的支持时，Python 程序在加载 .so 文件时崩溃并出现错误:

undefined symbol: _ZN22wxWebControlXmlHandlerC1Ev

自从为支持 XRC 而做出更改后，该库已在 Mac OS X 和 Windows 上构建并正确运行。

这个问题的原因似乎是 wxWebControlXmlHandler 类的构造函数(参见 https://github.com/jonmmorgan/wxwebconnect/blob/master/xh_webcontrol.cpp )没有包含在构建的共享对象文件中。在 xh_webcontrol.o 上运行 nm 显示该符号位于该目标文件的文本部分中，并且该目标文件是链接到共享目标文件的目标文件之一。然而，在共享对象文件上运行 nm 显示它是未定义的，这就是导致崩溃的原因。

我不明白为什么构造函数没有包含在共享对象文件中，因为它显然是必需的(而且我知道构造函数是在 webcontrol.cpp 中调用的)。这有充分的理由吗？我可以或应该做些什么来强制将构造函数包含在共享对象文件中并导出？

用于构建的命令(生成的设置工具):

---

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/gtk/wc_wrap.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/gtk/wc_wrap.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/dom.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/dom.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/nsimpl.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/nsimpl.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/promptservice.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/promptservice.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/protocolhandler.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/protocolhandler.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/webcontrol.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/webcontrol.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/webframe.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/webframe.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/webprefs.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/webprefs.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/webconnect/xh_webcontrol.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/xh_webcontrol.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DSWIG_TYPE_TABLE=_wxPython_table -DSWIG_PYTHON_OUTPUT_TUPLE -DWXP_USE_THREAD=1 -UNDEBUG -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGE_FILES -D__WXGTK__ -Iinclude -Isrc -I/usr/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-release-2.8 -I/usr/include/wx-2.8 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -Icontrib/wc -Icontrib/wc/webconnect -I/usr/include/xulrunner-1.9.2.11 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c contrib/wc/pyprotocolhandler.cpp -o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/pyprotocolhandler.o -pthread -O3 -pthread
g++ -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/gtk/wc_wrap.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/dom.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/nsimpl.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/promptservice.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/protocolhandler.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/webcontrol.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/webframe.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/webprefs.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/webconnect/xh_webcontrol.o build-gtk2.unicode/temp.linux-i686-2.6/contrib/wc/pyprotocolhandler.o -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lwx_gtk2u_richtext-2.8 -lwx_gtk2u_aui-2.8 -lwx_gtk2u_xrc-2.8 -lwx_gtk2u_qa-2.8 -lwx_gtk2u_html-2.8 -lwx_gtk2u_adv-2.8 -lwx_gtk2u_core-2.8 -lwx_baseu_xml-2.8 -lwx_baseu_net-2.8 -lwx_baseu-2.8 -lwx_gtk2u_xrc-2.8 -o /home/jmmorgan/wxwebconnect/wxPython-src-2.8.11.0/wxPython/wx/_wc.so -pthread -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions

Answer 1

尝试将目标文件放在 -Wl,--whole-archive -Wl,--no-whole-archive 部分。

man ld:

--whole-archive
For each archive mentioned on the command line after the --whole-archive option, include every object file in the archive in the link, rather than searching the archive for the required object files. This is normally used to turn an archive file into a shared library, forcing every object to be included in the resulting shared library. This option may be used more than once.

Two notes when using this option from gcc: First, gcc doesn't know about this option, so you have to use -Wl,-whole-archive. Second, don't forget to use -Wl,-no-whole-archive after your list of archives, because gcc will add its own list of archives to your link and you may not want this flag to affect those as well.