以非 root 用户身份运行时 Perl 模块无法正确加载

Question

我在 Linux 系统上遇到 Perl 问题。

安装新模块时(以 root 身份)，我偶尔会遇到以普通用户身份运行脚本的问题，如果不手动进入并 chmod 775'ing 模块相关文件和目录，我将无法访问新模块.

我最近执行了 CPAN 升级，并为一个新项目安装了几个模块。现在，由于似乎与权限无关的错误，普通用户几乎无法使用 Perl。

例如，以下非常简单的脚本以 root 用户身份运行良好，但以普通用户身份运行时返回错误:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Scalar::Util;

如您所见，脚本实际上除了尝试加载 Scalar::Util 模块外什么也没做。作为普通用户，它返回此错误:

**List::Util object version 1.21 does not match bootstrap parameter 1.42 at /usr/lib64/perl5/DynaLoader.pm line 223.
Compilation failed in require at /usr/local/lib64/perl5/Scalar/Util.pm line 22.
Compilation failed in require at ./scalar-test.pl line 4.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./scalar-test.pl line 4**

当我sudo cpan 并尝试安装 List::Util 时，我得到了: List::Util 是最新的 (1.42)。

澄清: 这发生在多个模块中，而不仅仅是一个示例。它似乎并没有影响每个升级的模块；虽然有几个。

root 可以运行脚本的事实告诉我，要么存在另一个我没有看到的潜在权限问题，要么 root 的 PERL 配置在某种程度上与我的常规帐户略有不同，这导致它无法运行找到这个模块。

搜索 List.pm 文件返回:

 » sudo find / -name List.pm 

/usr/share/perl5/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
/opt/OV/nonOV/perl/a/lib/5.8.8/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
/root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm

 » ls -l /usr/share/perl5/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28826 Nov  6  2014 /usr/share/perl5/I18N/LangTags/List.pm

 » ls -l /opt/OV/nonOV/perl/a/lib/5.8.8/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
-r--r--r-- 1 bin bin 28826 Nov 30  2012 /opt/OV/nonOV/perl/a/lib/5.8.8/I18N/LangTags/List.pm

 » sudo ls -l /root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
-r--r--r-- 1 1018 513 28826 Oct 17 08:32 /root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm

系统是 RHEL 6.6 x64，Perl 是 v5.10.1

---

**» type perl**
perl is hashed (/usr/bin/perl)

**» which perl**
/usr/bin/perl 

**» sudo type perl**
sudo: type: command not found 

**» sudo which perl**
/usr/bin/perl

**» echo ${!PERL*}**
[Nothing Returned] 

**» sudo echo ${!PERL*}**
[Nothing Returned]

**» perl -wle 'print join("\n", @INC)'**
/usr/local/lib64/perl5 
/usr/local/share/perl5 
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl 
/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl 
/usr/lib64/perl5 
/usr/share/perl5 
[run with sudo returns identical list]

[Edited for brevity] 
cpan[1]> o conf 
$CPAN::Config options from /usr/share/perl5/CPAN/Config.pm: 
build_dir [/root/.cpan/build] 
build_dir_reuse [0] 
build_requires_install_policy [ask/yes] 
connect_to_internet_ok [1] 
cpan_home [/root/.cpan] 
keep_source_where [/root/.cpan/sources] 
make [/usr/bin/make] 
make_install_make_command [/usr/bin/make] 
makepl_arg [INSTALLDIRS=site] 
prefer_installer [MB] 
prefs_dir [/root/.cpan/prefs] 

我从其他用户的文件夹中删除了几行

 » sudo find / -name Util.pm | grep "List/Util.pm"
/usr/lib64/perl5/List/Util.pm
/usr/local/lib64/perl5/List/Util.pm
/home/{USERNAME REDACTED}/.cpanm/work/1448660183.31550/ExtUtils-MakeMaker-7.10/bundled/Scalar-List-Utils/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-2c3ONp/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-2c3ONp/blib/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-NOwU0A/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-NOwU0A/blib/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/cpan/Scalar-List-Utils/lib/List/Util.pm

应 brian d foy 的要求，我安装了一个新模块。这个模块 Config::Onion 以前没有安装，所以没有什么旧的冲突。模块安装正常，但我创建了一个 onion-test.pl 脚本，与上面相同，它有同样的问题，它只以根用户身份加载模块。

 » sudo perl -MConfig::Onion -e 'print "Module: " . $ARGV[0] . "\nVersion: " . $ARGV[0]->VERSION . "\n\n"' Config::Onion
Can't locate Config/Onion.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .).
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.

 » sudo cpan
Terminal does not support AddHistory.

cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.10)
Enter 'h' for help.

cpan[1]> install Config::Onion

[Redacted for brevity. No errors noted during this process.]

Result: PASS
  DSHEROH/Config-Onion-1.004.tar.gz
  /usr/bin/make test -- OK
Running make install
Prepending /root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/blib/lib to PERL5LIB for 'install'
Manifying 2 pod documents
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion/Simple.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/Config::Onion.3pm
Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/Config::Onion::Simple.3pm
Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod
  DSHEROH/Config-Onion-1.004.tar.gz
  /usr/bin/make install  -- OK

 » cd /usr/local/share/perl5/Config
 » sudo ls -l  Onion
total 4
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1856 May  9  2014 Simple.pm

 » sudo find / -name Onion.pm
/usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/lib/Config/Onion.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/blib/lib/Config/Onion.pm


onion-test.pl:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

use Config::Onion;



 » ./onion-test.pl
Can't locate Hash/Merge/Simple.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm line 9.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm line 9.
Compilation failed in require at ./onion-test.pl line 29.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./onion-test.pl line 29.


 » sudo ./onion-test.pl
[No Errors]

Per Ikegami，我运行了这个命令:

sudo chmod -R go+rX                   \
   /usr/local/lib64/perl5        \
   /usr/local/share/perl5        \
   /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl  \
   /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl  \
   /usr/lib64/perl5              \
   /usr/share/perl5 

我的两个测试脚本，Scalar::Util 和 Config::Onion 都在加载模块时没有错误。我认为他的解决方案是解决我遇到的问题的正确解决方案，并且我已相应地对其进行了标记。感谢大家的研究，感谢 Ikegami 找到了解决方案。

Answer 1

List/Util/Util.so可能存在两次

/usr/local/lib64/perl5 
/usr/local/share/perl5 
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl 
/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl 
/usr/lib64/perl5 
/usr/share/perl5 

它们是不同的版本。较新的只能由 root 访问。如果这是问题，将使用

解决

chmod -R go+rX                   \
   /usr/local/lib64/perl5        \
   /usr/local/share/perl5        \
   /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl  \
   /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl  \
   /usr/lib64/perl5              \
   /usr/share/perl5