python - 如何在更改参数后自动更改颜色

Question

在下面的代码中，条形的颜色随着阈值的变化而变化。我不想在代码中使用阈值和绘制水平线，而是想在 OnMouseMove 函数中使用 y 参数，以便用户可以更改“阈值”的位置。然后，我希望颜色随着 y 的变化而更新。

我想我需要的是所谓的“观察者模式”，或者可能是使用动画工具的技巧，但不确定如何实现它。我很感激任何关于如何做到这一点的见解。谢谢

%matplotlib notebook
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
import matplotlib.colors as mcol
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(12345)
df = pd.DataFrame([np.random.normal(335,1500,300), 
                   np.random.normal(410,900,300), 
                   np.random.normal(410,1200,300), 
                   np.random.normal(480,550,300)], 
                  index=[1,2,3,4])

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plt.show()
bars = plt.bar(range(df.shape[0]), df.mean(axis = 1), color = 'lightslategrey')

fig = plt.gcf()
threshold=420
plt.axhline(y = threshold, color = 'grey', alpha = 0.5)

cm1 = mcol.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("Test",["b", "white", "purple"])
cpick = cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cm1)
cpick.set_array([])

percentages = []
for bar in bars:
    percentage = (bar.get_height()-threshold)/bar.get_height()
    if percentage>1: percentage = 1
    if percentage<0: percentage=0
    percentages.append(percentage)

cpick.to_rgba(percentages)
bars = plt.bar(range(df.shape[0]), df.mean(axis = 1), color = cpick.to_rgba(percentages))
plt.colorbar(cpick, orientation='horizontal')

def onMouseMove(event):
    ax.lines = [ax.lines[0]]
    plt.axhline(y=event.ydata, color="k")

fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', onMouseMove)

plt.xticks(range(df.shape[0]), df.index, alpha = 0.8)

Answer 1

首先，您应该只使用一个条形图和一个轴线(使用更多会使一切变得困惑)。您可以通过

设置条形的颜色

for bar in bars:
    bar.set_color(..)

您可以通过 line.set_ydata(position) 更新 axhline 的位置。

现在，对于每个鼠标移动事件，您需要更新轴线的位置、计算百分比并将新颜色应用于条形。所以这些事情应该在一个函数中完成，每次触发鼠标移动事件时都会调用该函数。应用这些设置后，需要绘制 Canvas 以使它们可见。

这里是完整的代码。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.colors as mcol
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(12345)
df = pd.DataFrame([np.random.normal(335,1500,300), 
                   np.random.normal(410,900,300), 
                   np.random.normal(410,1200,300), 
                   np.random.normal(480,550,300)], 
                  index=[1,2,3,4])

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

threshold=420.
bars = plt.bar(range(df.shape[0]), df.mean(axis = 1), color = 'lightslategrey')
axline = plt.axhline(y = threshold, color = 'grey', alpha = 0.5)

cm1 = mcol.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("Test",["b", "white", "purple"])
cpick = cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cm1) 
cpick.set_array([])
plt.colorbar(cpick, orientation='horizontal')

def percentages(threshold):
    percentages = []
    for bar in bars:
        percentage = (bar.get_height()-threshold)/bar.get_height()
        if percentage>1: percentage = 1
        if percentage<0: percentage=0
        percentages.append(percentage)
    return percentages

def update(threshold):
    axline.set_ydata(threshold)
    perc = percentages(threshold)
    for bar, p in zip(bars, perc):
        bar.set_color(cpick.to_rgba(p))

# update once before showing
update(threshold)

def onMouseMove(event):
    if event.inaxes == ax:
        update(event.ydata)
        fig.canvas.draw_idle()

fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', onMouseMove)

plt.xticks(range(df.shape[0]), df.index, alpha = 0.8)

plt.show()