用于段落的 Python 字符串格式化程序

Question

我正在尝试格式化一些字符串以在命令行、报告样式上输出，并且正在寻找格式化字符串的最简单方法，以便我可以获得自动段落格式化。

在 perlform 中格式化是通过“格式化”函数完成的

format Something =
    Test: @<<<<<<<< @||||| @>>>>>
            $str,     $%,    '$' . int($num)
.

$str = "widget";
$num = $cost/$quantity;
$~ = 'Something';
write;

perlform 的变体允许文本被干净地包裹起来，这对帮助屏幕、日志报告等很有用。

是否有 python 等价物？或者我可以使用 Python 的新字符串 format 编写的合理 hack功能？

我想要的示例输出:

Foobar-Title    Blob
  0123          This is some long text which would wrap
                past the 80 column mark and go onto the
                next line number of times blah blah blah.
  hi there      dito
  something     more text here. more text here. more text
                here.

Answer 1

Python 中没有内置这样的自动格式化功能。 (.format 函数语法是从 C# 借用的。)毕竟，Perl 是“实用的提取和报告语言”，而 Python 不是为格式化报告而设计的。

您的输出可以使用 textwrap 模块完成，例如

from textwrap import fill
def formatItem(left, right):
   wrapped = fill(right, width=41, subsequent_indent=' '*15)
   return '  {0:<13}{1}'.format(left, wrapped)

...

>>> print(formatItem('0123', 'This is some long text which would wrap past the 80 column mark and go onto the next line number of times blah blah blah.'))
  0123         This is some long text which would wrap
               past the 80 column mark
               and go onto the next line
               number of times blah blah
               blah.

请注意，这假设“左”不跨越 1 行。一个更通用的解决方案是

from textwrap import wrap
from itertools import zip_longest
def twoColumn(left, right, leftWidth=13, rightWidth=41, indent=2, separation=2):
    lefts = wrap(left, width=leftWidth)
    rights = wrap(right, width=rightWidth)
    results = []
    for l, r in zip_longest(lefts, rights, fillvalue=''):
       results.append('{0:{1}}{2:{5}}{0:{3}}{4}'.format('', indent, l, separation, r, leftWidth))
    return "\n".join(results)

>>> print(twoColumn("I'm trying to format some strings for output on the command-line", "report style, and am looking for the easiest method to format a string such that I can get automatic paragraph formatting."))
  I'm trying to  report style, and am looking for the
  format some    easiest method to format a string such
  strings for    that I can get automatic paragraph
  output on the  formatting.
  command-line