database - 检索人口密度数据

Question

我需要弄清楚给定位置是否属于城市或乡村。我认为最好的方法是查看城市/州或省/国家组合的人口密度。

关键是我们正在使用它进行数据挖掘。通常，可以执行此操作的映射 API 要求每个请求都必须响应单个用户操作。这不符合该标准...使用 Web 服务，我们将为任何单个用户操作进行数百次 Web 服务调用。所以我认为我们不能真正使用像 Google Maps API 这样的东西。

问题是，什么是可用的？是否有任何可供下载的数据库可供我用来检索这些数据，或者是否有实际允许数据挖掘的 Web 服务？我正在使用 PHP，尽管编程语言并不重要。我确信如果我可以获得数据，我可以让它与 PHP 一起工作。

Answer 1

Are there any databases ready to download which I can use to retrieve this data, or web services that actually allow data mining?

对于美国:

您可能想看一下 gridded 1 km population estimates for the conterminous United States by decade from 1930 - 2000 . ( some more info )

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为了世界:

看起来你想要类似 Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3), and the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) 的东西数据集。

有一个 stand alone SEDAC Map Client和 data downloads (这里有一些 urban rural estimates data in Excel format )。

您可以使用 Population Estimation Service 获取定义区域内的人口估计值

Population Estimation Service Features:

The service is accessible through three standard protocols used by many online map tools and clients: the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Processing Service (WPS) standard, a Representational State Transfer (REST) interface, and a Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) interface. Standards-based clients such as uDig are able to submit requests using the OGC WPS. Users of ArcGIS software from ESRI can submit requests through SOAP. The REST interface is intended for use with lightweight javascript clients.

The parametric statistics returned for each supplied polygon include the count (number of grid cells used in the analysis), minimum population count, maximum population count, range of population counts, mean population counts, and standard deviation of population counts. Two measures of data quality are included in the service results. The first measure reflects the precision of the input data and the second indicates when the requested polygons are too small in area compared with the underlying input data to produce reliable population statistics.

Access:

To access the Population Estimation Service, users need to work with an online map client or Geographic Information System (GIS) software package that supports spatial queries through one of the three supported protocols. The service interfaces are available at:

Web Processing Service (WPS)

http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/wps/WebProcessingService?Request=GetCapabilities&Service=WPS

REST/SOAP Services http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/mapservices/arcgis/rest/services/sedac/GPW/GPServer