c# - 起订量 : FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Runtime'

Question

我正在尝试学习最小起订量和单元测试，但我在尝试使用最小起订量时遇到了一个我无法理解的错误。

下面的代码几乎是从 https://github.com/Moq/moq4/wiki/Quickstart 复制粘贴的.我正在使用它，因为错误也发生在我正在处理的主要项目上，我只是想限制我的新手造成的潜在错误。

System.Runtime 已下载并被引用。

编辑:我也试过 4.0.0 版，但错误仍然存​​在。

using System;
using NUnit.Framework;
using Proje.Controllers;
using Proje.Models;
using Proje.DAL;
using Moq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Runtime;


namespace Proje.UnitTests.Controllers
{
    [TestFixture]
    public class BaseControllerTests
    {
        public interface IFoo
        {
            Bar Bar { get; set; }
            string Name { get; set; }
            int Value { get; set; }
            bool DoSomething(string value);
            bool DoSomething(int number, string value);
            string DoSomethingStringy(string value);
            bool TryParse(string value, out string outputValue);
            bool Submit(ref Bar bar);
            int GetCount();
            bool Add(int value);
        }

        public class Bar
        {
            public virtual Baz Baz { get; set; }
            public virtual bool Submit() { return false; }
        }

        public class Baz
        {
            public virtual string Name { get; set; }
        }

        [Test]
        public void TestTest() {

            var mock = new Mock<IFoo>();
            mock.Setup(foo => foo.DoSomething("ping")).Returns(true);
            //Assert some stuff
        }

FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Runtime, Version=4.1.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.

FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Runtime, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<packages>
  <package id="Castle.Core" version="4.3.1" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="EntityFramework" version="6.2.0" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc" version="5.2.6" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.Razor" version="3.2.6" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages" version="3.2.6" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure" version="1.0.0.0" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="Moq" version="4.9.0" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="MSTest.TestAdapter" version="1.3.2" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="MSTest.TestFramework" version="1.3.2" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="NUnit" version="3.10.1" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="NUnit3TestAdapter" version="3.10.0" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="System.Runtime" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="System.Threading.Tasks.Extensions" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net471" />
  <package id="System.ValueTuple" version="4.4.0" targetFramework="net471" />
</packages>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Runtime" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.2.0" newVersion="4.1.2.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Reflection" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.2.0" newVersion="4.1.2.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Runtime.Extensions" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.2.0" newVersion="4.1.2.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Text.RegularExpressions" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.1.0" newVersion="4.1.1.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Linq" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.2.0" newVersion="4.1.2.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.1.0" newVersion="4.1.1.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.0.4.0" newVersion="1.0.4.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="DocumentFormat.OpenXml" publicKeyToken="8fb06cb64d019a17" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.8.1.0" newVersion="2.8.1.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.IO.Compression" publicKeyToken="b77a5c561934e089" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.2.0" newVersion="4.1.2.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource" publicKeyToken="cc7b13ffcd2ddd51" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.3.0" newVersion="4.0.3.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930" newVersion="1.6.5135.21930" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Antlr3.Runtime" publicKeyToken="eb42632606e9261f" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2" newVersion="3.5.0.2" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-11.0.0.0" newVersion="11.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin.Security" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
      <parameters>
        <parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
      </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

编辑:日志

*** Assembly Binder Log Entry  (9/20/2018 @ 7:49:44 PM) ***

The operation failed.
Bind result: hr = 0x80070002. The system cannot find the file specified.

Assembly manager loaded from:  C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll
Running under executable  C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2017\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\EXTENSIONS\TESTPLATFORM\testhost.x86.exe
--- A detailed error log follows. 

=== Pre-bind state information ===
LOG: DisplayName = System.Runtime, Version=4.1.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL
 (Fully-specified)
LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Users/NAME/source/repos/Proj/Proj.UnitTests/bin/Debug/
LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
LOG: Dynamic Base = NULL
LOG: Cache Base = NULL
LOG: AppName = Tests_16537946
Calling assembly : (Unknown).
===
LOG: This bind starts in default load context.
LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\Users\NAME\source\repos\Proj\Proj.UnitTests\bin\Debug\Proj.UnitTests.dll.config
LOG: Using host configuration file: 
LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config.
LOG: Redirect found in application configuration file: 4.1.2.0 redirected to 4.1.2.0.
LOG: ProcessorArchitecture is locked to MSIL.
LOG: Post-policy reference: System.Runtime, Version=4.1.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL
LOG: GAC Lookup was unsuccessful.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Users/NAME/source/repos/Proj/Proj.UnitTests/bin/Debug/System.Runtime.DLL.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Users/NAME/source/repos/Proj/Proj.UnitTests/bin/Debug/System.Runtime/System.Runtime.DLL.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Users/NAME/source/repos/Proj/Proj.UnitTests/bin/Debug/System.Runtime.EXE.
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Users/NAME/source/repos/Proj/Proj.UnitTests/bin/Debug/System.Runtime/System.Runtime.EXE.
LOG: All probing URLs attempted and failed.

Answer 1

因此，正如我们在使用 fuslogvw 进行的调查中与 @loveforfire33 一起发现的那样问题出在版本控制中。

Packages.config 使用的版本 4.3.0
<package id="System.Runtime" version="4.3.0" targetFramework="net471" />

但是，app.config 中的绑定(bind)重定向是为版本 4.1.2.0 配置的

<dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Runtime" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-4.1.2.0" newVersion="4.1.2.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>

改变绑定(bind)重定向上限版本和新版本到4.3.0解决了问题。