python - 从 API 调用创建 Pandas 数据框

Question

我正在构建一个 API 来检索人口普查数据，但我在格式化输出时遇到了问题。我的问题实际上是以下两个问题之一:

1) 我怎样才能改进我的 API 调用，使输出更漂亮(最好是数据框)

或

2) 如何操作当前获取的列表，使其位于 pandas 数据框中？

这是我目前所拥有的:

import requests
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

mytoken = "numbersandletters" 
# this is my API key, so unfortunately I can't provide it

def state_data(token, variables, year = 2010, state = "*", survey = "sf1"):
    state = [str(i) for i in state]
    # make sure the input for state (integers) are strings
  variables = ",".join(variables) # squish all the variables into one string
  year = str(year)
  combine = ["http://api.census.gov/data/", year, "/", survey, "?key=", mytoken, "&get=", variables, "&for=state:"] 
# make a list of all the components to construct a URL
  incomplete_url = "".join(combine) # the URL without the state tackd on to the end
  complete_url = map(lambda i: incomplete_url + i, state) # now the state is tacked on to the end; one URL per state or for "*"
  r = []
  r = map(lambda i: requests.get(i), complete_url) 
# make an API call to each complete_url
  data = map(lambda i: i.json(), r)
print r
print data 
print type(data)
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print df

调用函数的示例如下，输出如下。

state_data(token = mytoken, state = [47, 48, 49, 50], variables = ["P0010001", "P0010001"])

导致:

[<Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>, <Response [200]>]


[[[u'P0010001', u'P0010001', u'state'], [u'6346105', u'6346105', u'47']], 
[[u'P0010001', u'P0010001', u'state'], [u'25145561', u'25145561', u'48']], 
[[u'P0010001', u'P0010001', u'state'], [u'2763885', u'2763885', u'49']], 
[[u'P0010001', u'P0010001', u'state'], [u'625741', u'625741', u'50']]]

<type 'list'>
                         0                         1
0  [P0010001, P0010001, state]    [6346105, 6346105, 47]
1  [P0010001, P0010001, state]  [25145561, 25145561, 48]
2  [P0010001, P0010001, state]    [2763885, 2763885, 49]
3  [P0010001, P0010001, state]      [625741, 625741, 50]

而期望的结果是:

  P0010001  P0010001  state
0 6346105   6346105   47
1 25145561  25145561  48
2 2763885   2763885   49
3 625741    625741    50

Fwiw，R 中的类似代码如下。我正在将我用 R 编写的库翻译成 Python:

state.data = function(token, state = "*", variables, year = 2010, survey = "sf1"){
  state = as.character(state)
  variables = paste(variables, collapse = ",")
  year = as.character(year)
  my.url = matrix(paste("http://api.census.gov/data/", year, "/", survey, "?key=", token,
                    "&get=",variables, "&for=state:", state, sep = ""), ncol = 1)

  process.url = apply(my.url, 1, function(x)   process.api.data(fromJSON(file=url(x))))
  rbind.dat = data.frame(rbindlist(process.url))
  rbind.dat = rbind.dat[, c(tail(seq_len(ncol(rbind.dat)), 1), seq_len(ncol(rbind.dat) - 1))] 
  rbind.dat
}

Answer 1

所以你有重复的字段，这是无意义的，你的结果只会显示重复的字段之一。

但是，您需要做的就是将 dict 对象的 list/iterable 传递给 pd.DataFrame 构造函数，然后您会有你的结果:

vals = [[[...]]]  # the data you provided in your example
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(zip(*v)) for v in vals)

---

假设这是您的数据:

data = [["P0010001","PCO0020019","state"], ["4779736","1204","01"], ["710231","53","02"], ["6392017","799","04"], ["2915918","924","05"], ["37253956","6244","06"], ["5029196","955","08"], ["3574097","1266","09"], ["897934","266","10"], ["601723","170","11"], ["18801310","4372","12"], ["9687653","1629","13"], ["1360301","251","15"], ["1567582","320","16"], ["12830632","3713","17"]]

然后这有效:

df = pd.DataFrame(data[1:], columns=data[0])

因此您需要弄清楚如何将数据导入该表单。我所做的只是传递一个列表列表 (data[1:]) 和一个列表 (data[0])