python - 使用客户端证书的自定义 urllib 开启器

Question

我有一个必须使用的 API。 API 受 HTTPS 保护，并使用相互身份验证/客户端证书。我有一个 PEM 文件和一个 CRT 文件。

当我定期连接到服务器时，使用 PyOpenSSL 没问题，这是代码:

import settings
from OpenSSL import SSL
import socket

def verify(conn, cert, errnum, depth, ok):
    # This obviously has to be updated
    print 'Got certificate: %s' % cert.get_subject()
    return ok

def password_callback(maxlen, verify, extra):
        print (maxlen, verify, extra)
        return settings.DEPOSIT_CODE

context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
context.set_verify(SSL.VERIFY_NONE, verify)
context.set_passwd_cb(password_callback)
context.use_certificate_file(settings.CLIENT_CERT_FILE)
context.use_privatekey_file(settings.PEM_FILE)

sock = SSL.Connection(context, socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM))
sock.connect(("someserver.com",443))

http_get_request = """
GET / HTTP/1.1

"""
sock.write(http_get_request)
print sock.recv(1000)

但是，因为这是一个带有客户端证书的 HTTPS API，我已经为它实现了一个开启器，修改过的代码在这里:

import settings
import socket
import urllib2

def verify(conn, cert, errnum, depth, ok):
    # This obviously has to be updated
    print 'Got certificate: %s' % cert.get_subject()
    return ok

def password_callback(maxlen, verify, extra):
        print (maxlen, verify, extra)
        return settings.DEPOSIT_CODE

class MyHTTPSConnection(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
    def connect(self):
        context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
        context.set_passwd_cb(password_callback)
        context.use_certificate_file(settings.CLIENT_CERT_FILE)
        context.set_verify(SSL.VERIFY_NONE, verify)
        context.use_privatekey_file(settings.PEM_FILE)
        self.sock = SSL.Connection(context, socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM))

class MyHTTPSHandler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler):
    def https_open(self,req):
        return self.do_open(MyHTTPSConnection,req)

opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler,MyCHTTPSHandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

f = urllib2.urlopen("https://sampleapiserver.com")
print f.code

但是当我运行第二个代码时，出现以下错误:

  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen
    return _opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 391, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 409, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 369, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "network.py", line 37, in https_open
    return self.do_open(IRNICHTTPSConnection,req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 1142, in do_open
    h.request(req.get_method(), req.get_selector(), req.data, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 914, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 951, in _send_request
    self.endheaders()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 908, in endheaders
    self._send_output()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 780, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/httplib.py", line 759, in send
    self.sock.sendall(str)
OpenSSL.SSL.Error: [('SSL routines', 'SSL_write', 'uninitialized')]

最后，我做错了什么吗？如果不是，请帮助我理解错误...

干杯。

Answer 1

看起来你在这里添加了很多你并不真正需要的复杂性。如果您只是进行简单的客户端证书身份验证，您可能会避开以下代码段 ( source ):

import httplib
import urllib2

# HTTPS Client Auth solution for urllib2, inspired by
# http://bugs.python.org/issue3466
# and improved by David Norton of Three Pillar Software. In this
# implementation, we use properties passed in rather than static module
# fields.
class HTTPSClientAuthHandler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler):
    def __init__(self, key, cert):
        urllib2.HTTPSHandler.__init__(self)
        self.key = key
        self.cert = cert
    def https_open(self, req):
        #Rather than pass in a reference to a connection class, we pass in
        # a reference to a function which, for all intents and purposes,
        # will behave as a constructor
        return self.do_open(self.getConnection, req)
    def getConnection(self, host):
        return httplib.HTTPSConnection(host, key_file=self.key, cert_file=self.cert)


cert_handler = HTTPSClientAuthHandler(settings.PEMFILE, settings.CLIENT_CERT_FILE)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cert_handler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

f = urllib2.urlopen("https://sampleapiserver.com")
print f.code

该源用于向 Suds 提供经过证书验证的 URL 打开程序的上下文中Client 构造函数，所以我将其剥离并使其成为直接的开场白。