python - 在 `tf.py_func` 的输入函数中返回多个值

Question

我正在尝试使用 tf.py_func 和 tf.RegisterGradient 设置自定义渐变。具体来说，我正在尝试采用特征值的梯度 w.r.t 它的拉普拉斯算子。我得到了基本的工作，其中我的 python 函数返回一个值，即特征值。但是为了使梯度起作用，我还需要返回特征向量。但是尝试返回 2 个值会导致 pyfunc_1 返回 2 个值，但期望看到 1 个值。我该如何解决这个错误？

这是我的自定义渐变的完整代码。

import numpy as np
import networkx as nx
from scipy import sparse
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops

# python function to calculate the second eigen value
def calc_second_eigval(X):
    G = nx.from_numpy_matrix(X)
    degree_dict = nx.degree(G)
    degree_list = [x[1] for x in degree_dict]
    lap_matrix = sparse.diags(degree_list, 0)-nx.adjacency_matrix(G)
    eigval, eigvec = sparse.linalg.eigsh(lap_matrix, 2, sigma=0, which='LM')
    return float(eigval[0]), eigvec[:,0]

# define custom py_func which takes also a grad op as argument:
def py_func(func, inp, Tout, stateful=True, name=None, grad=None):

    # Need to generate a unique name to avoid duplicates:
    rnd_name = 'PyFuncGrad' + str(np.random.randint(0, 1E+8))

    tf.RegisterGradient(rnd_name)(grad)  # see _MySquareGrad for grad example
    g = tf.get_default_graph()
    with g.gradient_override_map({"PyFunc": rnd_name}):
        return tf.py_func(func, inp, Tout, stateful=stateful, name=name)

# define custom second_eigval function for tensorflow
def custom_second_eigval(x, name=None):

    with ops.op_scope([x], name, "SecondEigValGrad") as name:
        eigval = py_func(calc_second_eigval,
                        [x],
                        [tf.float64],
                        name=name,
                        grad=_SecondEigValGrad)  # <-- here's the call to the gradient
        return eigval[0]

# actual gradient:
def _SecondEigValGrad(op, grad):
    # TODO: this should involve eigen vectors
    x = op.inputs[0]    
    return grad * 20 * x 

X = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([200,200],dtype=tf.float64))

second_eigval = custom_second_eigval(X)
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.01)
update = tf.contrib.slim.learning.create_train_op(second_eigval, optimizer,summarize_gradients=True)
with tf.Session() as sess:
    tf.initialize_all_variables().run()
    print(update.eval())

Answer 1

你的 Tout 必须是 (tf.float64,tf.float64) 而不是 [tf.float64]

eigval = py_func(calc_second_eigval,
                        [x],
                        (tf.float64,tf.float64),
                        name=name,
                        grad=_SecondEigValGrad) 

这是一个工作演示

import tensorflow as tf

# Function in python
def dummy(x):
    return [x,x]

print(dummy([1.0,2.0]))

tf_fun = tf.py_func(dummy,[[1.0,2.0]],(tf.float32,tf.float32))

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    print(sess.run(tf_fun))