c# - 为什么这个异步代码有时会失败，而且只有在没有观察到的情况下才会失败？

Question

这是已经运行了几周的原始代码。在我刚刚进行的测试中，100 次尝试中有 0 次失败。

using (var httpClient = new HttpClient())
{
    var tasks = new List<Task>();

    tasks.Add(httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri("..."))
        .ContinueWith(request =>
        {
            request.Result.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Foo>>()
                .ContinueWith(response =>
                {
                    foos = response.Result;
                });
        }));

    tasks.Add(httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri("..."))
        .ContinueWith(request =>
        {
            request.Result.Content.ReadAsAsync<Bar>()
                .ContinueWith(response =>
                {
                    bar = response.Result;
                });
        }));

    await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
}

此代码在 100 次尝试中有 9 次失败，其中一个或两个元组值为 null。

var APIresponses = await HttpClientHelper.GetAsync
    <
        IEnumerable<Foo>,
        Bar
    >
    (
        new Uri("..."),
        new Uri("...")
    );

foos = APIresponses.Item1;
bar = APIresponses.Item2;

private static Task GetAsync<T>(HttpClient httpClient, Uri URI, Action<Task<T>> continuationAction)
{
    return httpClient.GetAsync(URI)
        .ContinueWith(request =>
        {
            request.Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

            request.Result.Content.ReadAsAsync<T>()
                .ContinueWith(continuationAction);
        });
}

public static async Task<Tuple<T1, T2>> GetAsync<T1, T2>(Uri URI1, Uri URI2)
{
    T1 item1 = default(T1);
    T2 item2 = default(T2);

    var httpClient = new HttpClient();
    var tasks = new List<Task>()
    {
        GetAsync<T1>(httpClient, URI1, response =>
        {
            item1 = response.Result;
        }),
        GetAsync<T2>(httpClient, URI2, response =>
        {
            item2 = response.Result;
        })
    };

    await Task.WhenAll(tasks);

    return Tuple.Create(item1, item2);
}

将代码修改为如下所示，它会在 100 次尝试中再次失败 0 次。

    await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("tasks complete");
    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(item1);
    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(item2);

    return Tuple.Create(item1, item2);
}

我已经看了半个多小时了，但我看不出错误在哪里。有人看到了吗？

Answer 1

将评论发给您的 other question ，您很少需要将 async/await 与 ContinueWith 混合使用。您可以在 async lambda 的帮助下执行“fork”逻辑，例如，问题中的代码可能如下所示:

using (var httpClient = new HttpClient())
{
    Func<Task<IEnumerable<Foo>>> doTask1Async = async () =>
    {
        var request = await httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri("..."));
        return response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Foo>>();
    };

    Func<Task<IEnumerable<Bar>>> doTask2Async = async () =>
    {
        var request = await httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri("..."));
        return response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Bar>>();
    };

    var task1 = doTask1Async();
    var task2 = doTask2Async();

    await Task.WhenAll(task1, task2);

    var result1 = task1.Result;
    var result2 = task2.Result;

    // ...
}