c# - 模拟给出不同的结果与正常的 for 循环 Vs Parallel For

Question

当我尝试使用普通 for 循环(这是正确的结果)与 Parallel For 时，我对我的一个简单模拟示例的不同结果感到有点惊讶。请帮我找出可能是什么原因。我观察到并行执行与正常执行相比是如此之快。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Simulation
{
    class Program
    {

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
       ParalelSimulation(); // result is .757056
       NormalSimulation();  // result is .508021 which is correct
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    static void ParalelSimulation()
    {
        DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;

        int trails = 1000000;
        int numberofpeople = 23;
        Random rnd = new Random();
        int matches = 0;

        Parallel.For(0, trails, i =>
            {
                var taken = new List<int>();
                for (int k = 0; k < numberofpeople; k++)
                {
                   var day = rnd.Next(1, 365);
                    if (taken.Contains(day))
                    {
                        matches += 1;
                        break;
                    }
                    taken.Add(day);
                }
            }
        );
        Console.WriteLine((Convert.ToDouble(matches) / trails).ToString());
        TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime);
        Console.WriteLine("Paralel Time Elapsed: {0} Seconds:MilliSeconds", ts.Seconds + ":" + ts.Milliseconds);
    }
    static void NormalSimulation()
    {
        DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;

        int trails = 1000000;
        int numberofpeople = 23;
        Random rnd = new Random();
        int matches = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < trails; j++)
        {
            var taken = new List<int>();
            for (int i = 0; i < numberofpeople; i++)
            {
               var day = rnd.Next(1, 365);
                if (taken.Contains(day))
                {
                    matches += 1;
                    break;
                }
                taken.Add(day);
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine((Convert.ToDouble(matches) / trails).ToString());
        TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime);
        Console.WriteLine(" Time Elapsed: {0} Seconds:MilliSeconds", ts.Seconds + ":" + ts.Milliseconds);
    }
}

提前致谢

Answer 1

一些事情:

1. Random 类不是线程安全的。每个工作线程都需要一个新的 Random 实例。
2. 您正在以非线程安全的方式递增 matches 变量。您可能希望使用 Interlocked.Increment(ref matches) 来保证变量递增时的线程安全。
3. 您的 for 循环和您的 Parallel::For 执行的次数不完全相同，因为您在 for 循环中执行了一个 <= 并且 Parallel::For 的第二个参数独占，所以您在这种情况下，需要将路径加 1 以使它们相等。

试试这个:

static void ParalelSimulationNEW()
{
    DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;

    int trails = 1000000;
    int numberofpeople = 23;
    int matches = 0;

    Parallel.For(0, trails + 1, _ =>
    {
        Random rnd = new Random();

        var taken = new List<int>();
        for(int k = 0; k < numberofpeople; k++)
        {
            var day = rnd.Next(1, 365);
            if(taken.Contains(day))
            {
                Interlocked.Increment(ref matches);
                break;
            }
            taken.Add(day);
        }
    });
    Console.WriteLine((Convert.ToDouble(matches) / trails).ToString());
    TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now.Subtract(startTime);
    Console.WriteLine("Paralel Time Elapsed: {0} Seconds:MilliSeconds", ts.Seconds + ":" + ts.Milliseconds);
}