python - 加速使用 Pyinstaller 创建的 .exe

Question

我已经使用 Pyinstaller 将我的程序(用 Python 3.6.1 编写，使用 Python 3.5.3 转换)从 .py 转换为 .exe。但是，它加载速度慢得令人难以置信(大约需要 16 秒，而在 IDLE 中运行时需要 <1 秒)，即使在我优化我认为问题是(导入大量模块，所以我将代码更改为仅导入必要的模块部分)。在 IDLE 中运行它时，它的速度大大加快了，但是当我从中创建一个 .exe 时，它完全一样(而且我确实检查过我使用的是正确的 .py文件)。我似乎 Pyinstaller 只是将您在系统上安装的所有模块打包到 .exe 中，而不是仅将实际使用的模块的一小部分打包(使用 --onefile 时)。如何确保 Pyinstaller 仅安装模块的必要部分或以其他方式加速，同时仍然使用 --onefile 并将其打包到单个 .exe 中？

完整代码:

from os import path, remove
from time import sleep
from sys import exit
from getpass import getuser
from mmap import mmap, ACCESS_READ


my_file = "Text To Speech.mp3"
username = getuser()
no_choices = ["no", "nah", "nay", "course not", "don't", "dont", "not"]
yes_choices = ["yes", "yeah", "course", "ye", "yea", "yh", "do"]


def check_and_remove_file():

    active = mixer.get_init()
    if active != None:
        mixer.music.stop()
        mixer.quit()
        quit()
    if path.isfile(my_file):
        remove(my_file)


def get_pause_duration(audio_length, maximum_duration=15):

    default_pause, correction = divmod(audio_length, 12)
    return min(default_pause + bool(correction), maximum_duration)


def exiting():

    check_and_remove_file()
    print("\nGoodbye!")
    exit()


def input_for_tts(message):

    try:

        tts = gTTS(text = input(message))
        tts.save('Text To Speech.mp3')
        with open(my_file) as f:
            m = mmap(f.fileno(), 0, access=ACCESS_READ)
        audio = MP3(my_file)
        audio_length = audio.info.length
        try:
            mixer.init()
        except error:
            print("\nSorry, no audio device was detected. The code cannot complete.")
            m.close()
            exiting()   
        mixer.music.load(m)
        mixer.music.play()
        sleep(audio_length + get_pause_duration(audio_length))
        m.close()
        check_and_remove_file()

    except KeyboardInterrupt:

        exiting()


from pygame import mixer, quit, error
from gtts import gTTS
from mutagen.mp3 import MP3


check_and_remove_file()


input_for_tts("Hello there " + username + ". This program is\nused to output the user's input as speech.\nPlease input something for the program to say: ")


while True:

    try:

        answer = input("\nDo you want to repeat? ").strip().lower()
        if answer in ["n", no_choices] or any(x in answer for x in no_choices):
            exiting()
        elif answer in ["y", yes_choices] or any(x in answer for x in yes_choices):
            input_for_tts("\nPlease input something for the program to say: ")
        else:
            print("\nSorry, I didn't understand that. Please try again with yes or no.")

    except KeyboardInterrupt:

        exiting()

Answer 1

看看文档，我想这解释了为什么它很慢:https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operating-mode.html#how-the-one-file-program-works

简短的回答，需要提取程序的完整环境并将其写入临时文件夹。

此外，单文件选项与您的预期相反:https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operating-mode.html#bundling-to-one-file