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Python请求以utf-8编码的响应但无法解码

转载 作者:太空狗 更新时间:2023-10-30 00:53:10 26 4
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我正在尝试使用 python 抓取我的 messenger.com(facebook messenger)聊天记录,我使用谷歌浏览器开发人员工具查看聊天记录的 POST 请求,并且我已将整个标题和正文复制为请求的格式可以使用。

我得到 HTTP 代码 200,这意味着请求至少得到了一些东西,但我可以 print res.encoding获取它返回的编码,其中它说是 utf-8。但我无法解码!

函数如下:

def download_thread(self, limit, offset, message_timestamp):
"""Download the specified number of messages from the
provided thread, with an optional offset
"""
data = request_data(self.thread, offset=offset,
limit=limit, group=self.group,
timestamp=message_timestamp)

res = self.ses.post(url_thread, data=data, headers=headers)

print(res.content)

thread_contents = json.loads(res.content)
print(thread_contents)
return thread_contents

产量

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x87 in position 0: invalid start byte

当它尝试 json.load (或 loads )数据

但是res.encoding确实返回 utf-8。

我尝试使用 gzip 解压缩,但说它不是 gzip 压缩的内容。

如果我只是尝试做 print(res.content)我明白了

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 200, in <module>
main()
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 134, in main
fbms.run()
0f\x82\x048\xbb\xb9=\x87\xebK0.\xff\x90\xdd\xeb\xfa\x16\xc6\xbbz\x8b\x82)\xe8\xaaV\x01^\xda\x8b\xbd\x15d-\xb1\x10@\x17\\\xd43\xa8\x92w\xe8\xc0\xcdU\xc4\xff\xc7\xfa\x90\xb2\xb3\xf5\x84\x11u\x0b\t\x8f\x83r\xf3}\xe5!y$\xe6\xf6c0\xf0\xb4\x98\xcat_\x0c\x08\xb5\xdd\x8ctx\x91\xa9\x95\rB%\xe2\x93\xa52\x85_\xa6\x10\xc2\xc9\xa3\xee4SDb\xa5\x18QJ\x83X\x19)\xaa$\xf4\xb4\xb7\x0b\x84\x15&\x88\x08L\xc9iP\xa2\xb9\xf2\xaf\x96\x96N\xd8\xcf=\x05\xc1\x18\x8d\xa0\xf2Y\x8e\n\xcf\xc8\x0fE4\xd6)\xa1\xd4\xb7D\xd6{i\xc8P\x96R\x11HC\xac\xbcKyT#~}\x93\xf7@K\xc7r/\x82\xb0\xe4\xefX\xf9j\x08\xa6Hp\xfcn\x06\xfdo\x9a\xd0wJ\xb4fJ(\x89+\x1c\xf6\x0eOI\x90\xac\x9eDD\xfd,\xa5\xe9\x89\x1blh\x86Z\x98\x05\xdd9\xc7\xf4\x80\xfcY\x8e\xad\xee\x99!\x15\x13+\x9b\x07\xe8Fdj\xfc\x11\xfc\xfe7\x06h\x02\x00@>]W\x92\xc9\x02\xb1c3\x82\xcd\xa4\xefN9\x90\xe6\x81y\x9c\x84er\xd4\xc3\x06\x1c\x06\x14\xcf\xc7\x07hj\xbfH\xdc\xf5~\xf7z\x18Ce\xaf^\x8c\xab \xdfV\xce\xb8\x11\xf8\x06\x03'

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 200, in <module>
main()
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 134, in main
fbms.run()
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 43, in run
thread_contents = self.download_thread(limit, offset, message_timestamp)
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 74, in download_thread
thread_contents = json.loads(res.content)
File "/Users/silman/anaconda/lib/python3.6/json/__init__.py", line 349, in loads
s = s.decode(detect_encoding(s), 'surrogatepass')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x87 in position 0: invalid start byte

在回溯的中间奇怪地打印内容让我认为有一些不可见的字符将它压低。

我无法将响应加载为 json 格式,因为无论我如何处理响应内容,它的格式都不正确,json 库无法解释。

此外,如果我只是做 print(res.text)我得到垃圾:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 200, in <module>
main()
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 134, in main
fbms.run()
}sP���c���f�u0���\� QZed�C��� M$x�Ҹ�H�����eǘ�]���5���^�*�ӄaM�Y��b���/ڶ�JW/���>H6z�\��l4����t=i��%Ҳu�x��%�x�
F <���{1i�#%;�rɲ=Rχm��1B�Z(+�(S-���#��\v�{b��
� f/V�i̴��_��83� �_����*��O��
������Z��i-�TVeaG54�!v�a?ǯ|gu-g��.���"J$�L`&�tΊ#s)�H����s���q���^׷0��[)���j�ॽ�T���U���J�ЁwW���!eg�#j ��r��$y���3�4��4.��M�@Kb�AX�SDb�QJ�X)�,���a� "Sp�h�����sOA0Vé|�������:%�rKdKC���@ M��.�^
� �g���SWQHӳ.��BӄG�,����@E��������
nras��L�/��ch@>]W���c3�ͤ�N9��y��er����hj�H��~�zCe�^�� �Vθ�

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 200, in <module>
main()
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 134, in main
fbms.run()
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 43, in run
thread_contents = self.download_thread(limit, offset, message_timestamp)
File "FBChatScraper.py", line 74, in download_thread
thread_contents = json.loads(res.content)
File "/Users/silman/anaconda/lib/python3.6/json/__init__.py", line 349, in loads
s = s.decode(detect_encoding(s), 'surrogatepass')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x87 in position 0: invalid start byte

编辑:

MWE 尽我所能,不确定我的帖子请求中的哪些数据是私有(private)的,所以我遗漏了一些

使用这些数据

url_thread = "https://www.messenger.com/api/graphqlbatch/"


request_data = {
"batch_name": "MessengerGraphQLThreadFetcher",
"__user": "<user_id>",
"__a": "1",
"__dyn": "<dyn>",
"__req": "9",
'__be' : '-1',
'__pc' : 'PHASED:messengerdotcom_pkg',
"fb_dtsg": "AQFni7TU2nes:AQGSC8FSDqyw",
"ttstamp": "265817254666710077746711957586581715370521181008510710777",
"__rev": "3791607",
"jazoest": "<jazoest>",
"queries": '<queries>'
}

headers = {
"authority": "www.messenger.com",
"method": "POST",
"path": "/api/graphqlbatch/",
"scheme": "https",
"accept": "*/*",
"accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"accept-language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
"cache-control": "no-cache",
"content-length": "754",
"content-type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"cookie": "<cookies>",
"origin": "https://www.messenger.com",
"pragma": "no-cache",
"referer": "https://www.messenger.com/t/<chatID>",
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36"
}

你可以获得所有的<items>通过使用 chrome 开发人员工具并在网络选项卡上查找对 Request URL: https://www.messenger.com/api/graphqlbatch/ 的 POST 请求.

如果您在 chrome 开发工具正在记录时向上滚动以重新加载旧消息,则很容易找到。

然后用python拼凑一个简单的请求

import requests as rq
import time

ses = rq.Session()
thread = <ID of thread found in URL of messenger.com>

conversation_type = <'thread_fbids' if group chat else 'user_ids'>

data = request_data
data['messages[{}][{}][offset]'.format(conversation_type, thread)] = 0
data['messages[{}][{}][timestamp]'.format(conversation_type, thread)] = int(time.time())
data['messages[{}][{}][limit]'.format(conversation_type, thread)] = 2000

res = ses.post(url_thread, data=data, headers=headers)

print(res.content)
thread_contents = json.loads(res.content)
print(thread_contents)

作为我的开发工具返回的内容,您可以看到 json here 的开始

最佳答案

问题是您的请求 header 中的这一行:

"accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",

br 请求 Brotli compression ,一种新的压缩标准(参见 RFC 7932 ),Google 正在插入该标准以取代网络上的 gzip。 Chrome 要求使用 Brotli,因为最新版本的 Chrome 本身就可以理解它。您要求使用 Brotli 是因为您从 Chrome 复制了 header 。但是 requests 本身并不理解 Brotli。

您可以pip install brotli 并注册解压器或在res.content 上手动调用它。但一个更简单的解决方案是只删除 br:

"accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate",

… 然后你应该得到 gzip,你和 requests 已经知道如何处理。

关于Python请求以utf-8编码的响应但无法解码,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49702214/

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