c# - FileSystemWatcher 跳过一些事件

Question

如果你用谷歌搜索 FileSystemWatcher 问题，你会发现很多关于 FileSystemWatcher 跳过一些事件(不触发所有事件)的文章。基本上，如果您更改监视文件夹中的大量文件，其中一些将不会被 FileSystemWatcher 处理。

为什么会这样，我怎样才能避免错过事件？

Answer 1

原因

FileSystemWatcher 正在监视某个文件夹中发生的更改。当文件发生变化时(例如创建文件)，FileSystemWatcher 会引发相应的事件。事件处理程序可能会解压缩文件，读取其内容以决定如何进一步处理它，将其记录写入数据库日志表并将文件移动到另一个文件夹。处理文件可能需要一些时间。

在此期间，可能会在监视文件夹中创建另一个文件。由于 FileSystemWatcher 的事件处理程序正在处理第一个文件，它无法处理第二个文件的创建事件。因此，FileSystemWatcher 错过了第二个文件。

解决方案

由于文件处理可能需要一些时间，并且 FileSystemWatcher 可能无法检测到其他文件的创建，因此文件处理应与文件更改检测分开，并且文件更改检测应尽可能短，以免错过任何一个文件更改。文件处理可以分为两个线程:一个用于文件更改检测，另一个用于文件处理。当文件被更改并且它被 FileSystemWatcher 检测到时，适当的事件处理程序应该只读取它的路径，将它转发给文件处理线程并关闭自身，以便 FileSystemWatcher 可以检测到另一个文件更改并使用相同的事件处理程序。处理线程可能会花费处理文件所需的时间。队列用于将文件路径从事件处理程序线程转发到处理线程。

这是典型的生产者-消费者问题。有关生产者-消费者队列的更多信息，请参见here .

代码

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace FileSystemWatcherExample {
    class Program {
        static void Main(string[] args) {
            // If a directory and filter are not specified, exit program
            if (args.Length !=2) {
                // Display the proper way to call the program
                Console.WriteLine("Usage: Watcher.exe \"directory\" \"filter\"");
                return;
            }

            FileProcessor fileProcessor = new FileProcessor();

            // Create a new FileSystemWatcher
            FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher1 = new FileSystemWatcher();

            // Set FileSystemWatcher's properties
            fileSystemWatcher1.Path = args[0];
            fileSystemWatcher1.Filter = args[1];
            fileSystemWatcher1.IncludeSubdirectories = false;

            // Add event handlers
            fileSystemWatcher1.Created += new System.IO.FileSystemEventHandler(this.fileSystemWatcher1_Created);

            // Start to watch
            fileSystemWatcher1.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

            // Wait for the user to quit the program
            Console.WriteLine("Press \'q\' to quit the program.");
            while(Console.Read()!='q');

            // Turn off FileSystemWatcher
            if (fileSystemWatcher1 != null) {
                fileSystemWatcher1.EnableRaisingEvents = false;
                fileSystemWatcher1.Dispose();
                fileSystemWatcher1 = null;
            }

            // Dispose fileProcessor
            if (fileProcessor != null)
                fileProcessor.Dispose();
        }

        // Define the event handler
        private void fileSystemWatcher1_Created(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e) {
            // If file is created...
            if (e.ChangeType == WatcherChangeTypes.Created) {
                // ...enqueue it's file name so it can be processed...
                fileProcessor.EnqueueFileName(e.FullPath);
            }
            // ...and immediately finish event handler
        }
    }


    // File processor class
    class FileProcessor : IDisposable {
        // Create an AutoResetEvent EventWaitHandle
        private EventWaitHandle eventWaitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        private Thread worker;
        private readonly object locker = new object();
        private Queue<string> fileNamesQueue = new Queue<string>();

        public FileProcessor() {
            // Create worker thread
            worker = new Thread(Work);
            // Start worker thread
            worker.Start();
        }

        public void EnqueueFileName(string FileName) {
            // Enqueue the file name
            // This statement is secured by lock to prevent other thread to mess with queue while enqueuing file name
            lock (locker) fileNamesQueue.Enqueue(FileName);
            // Signal worker that file name is enqueued and that it can be processed
            eventWaitHandle.Set();
        }

        private void Work() {
            while (true) {
                string fileName = null;

                // Dequeue the file name
                lock (locker)
                    if (fileNamesQueue.Count > 0) {
                        fileName = fileNamesQueue.Dequeue();
                        // If file name is null then stop worker thread
                        if (fileName == null) return;
                    }

                if (fileName != null) {
                    // Process file
                    ProcessFile(fileName);
                } else {
                    // No more file names - wait for a signal
                    eventWaitHandle.WaitOne();
                }
            }
        }

        private ProcessFile(string FileName) {
            // Maybe it has to wait for file to stop being used by process that created it before it can continue
            // Unzip file
            // Read its content
            // Log file data to database
            // Move file to archive folder
        }


        #region IDisposable Members

        public void Dispose() {
            // Signal the FileProcessor to exit
            EnqueueFileName(null);
            // Wait for the FileProcessor's thread to finish
            worker.Join();
            // Release any OS resources
            eventWaitHandle.Close();
        }

        #endregion
    }
}