ruby - 为将来的 gem 安装设置 RVM 以获得正确的权限并正确添加 PATH

Question

我已经在互联网上搜索了答案。我觉得我没有按照正确的方式做事，只想以正确的方式设置我的 rvm 环境。这一切都源于我不得不使用 sudo gem install sass 来安装我不想做的 SASS。

现在，当我执行 gem install sass 时，我得到:

ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.

我采取的步骤:

sudo chown -R dhruv: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
brew install gnupg gnupg2
gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.rvm
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.gem
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0

注意 which rvm 没有返回任何东西，即使运行上面的 curl 命令给了我:

Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/
    RVM PATH line found in /Users/dhruv/.mkshrc /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bashrc /Users/dhruv/.zshrc.
    RVM sourcing line found in /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bash_profile /Users/dhruv/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/ is complete.

# dhruvghulati,
#
#   Thank you for using RVM!
#   We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.

我想让事情达到无需 sudo 即可轻松安装 gems 的状态。我该怎么做？

此外，如何防止我在 rvm 中看到的这些 PATH 错误？

我还担心当我执行 sudo chown -R dhruv:staff/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 时，互联网似乎说这是一个可怕的邪恶，我会恢复？我可以将它还原为 chmod 给它应该属于的原始用户吗？

---

这是 rvm info 的输出:

Warning! PATH is not properly set up, '/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin' is not at first place,
         usually this is caused by shell initialization files - check them for 'PATH=...' entries,
         it might also help to re-add RVM to your dotfiles: 'rvm get stable --auto-dotfiles',
         to fix temporarily in this shell session run: 'rvm use ruby-2.2.1'.

ruby-2.2.1:

  system:
    uname:       "Darwin Dhruvs-MacBook-Pro-2.local 14.5.0 Darwin Kernel Version 14.5.0: Tue Sep  1 21:23:09 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2782.50.1~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64"
    system:      "osx/10.10/x86_64"
    bash:        "/bin/bash => GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin14)"
    zsh:         "/bin/zsh => zsh 5.0.5 (x86_64-apple-darwin14.0)"

  rvm:
    version:      "rvm 1.26.11 (latest) by Wayne E. Seguin <wayneeseguin@gmail.com>, Michal Papis <mpapis@gmail.com> [https://rvm.io/]"
    updated:      "1 day 8 minutes 30 seconds ago"
    path:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm"

  ruby:
    interpreter:  "ruby"
    version:      "2.2.1p85"
    date:         "2015-02-26"
    platform:     "x86_64-darwin14"
    patchlevel:   "2015-02-26 revision 49769"
    full_version: "ruby 2.2.1p85 (2015-02-26 revision 49769) [x86_64-darwin14]"

  homes:
    gem:          "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
    ruby:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"

  binaries:
    ruby:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby"
    irb:          "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/irb"
    gem:          "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/gem"
    rake:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/rake"

  environment:
    PATH:         "/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"
    GEM_HOME:     "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
    GEM_PATH:     "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global"
    MY_RUBY_HOME: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"
    IRBRC:        "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/.irbrc"
    RUBYOPT:      ""
    gemset:       ""

命令 gem install --user-install sass 给我:

WARNING:  You don't have /Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.2.0/bin in your PATH,
      gem executables will not run.
Successfully installed sass-3.4.21
Parsing documentation for sass-3.4.21
Done installing documentation for sass after 4 seconds
1 gem installed

.bash_profile:

export PATH=$PATH:~/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M  -Duser.timezone=GMT"
export PATH=$PATH:~/scripts
source ~/.profile
source ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/lib
# added by Anaconda3 2.3.0 installer
export PATH="/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:$PATH"
export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local

[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

.bashrc:

export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

.个人资料:

export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting

[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

Answer 1

首先，停止使用--user-install。 RVM 不需要它，因为这是它的主要目的之一，将 gems 和 Ruby 保留在您的主目录中。

您的路径构建不当:

"/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"

分解为:

/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib

您需要首先在路径中安装 RVM，但您正在妨碍它。

它应该看起来像:

/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin

我会将 ~/.bash_profile 重写为:

source ~/.bashrc

export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M  -Duser.timezone=GMT"

export PATH=~/scripts:~/anaconda/bin:$PATH

# RVM needs to initialize last so it can adjust the path correctly...
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

我将 ~/.bashrc 重写为:

# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

我将 ~/.profile 重写为:

# export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

这应该会清理您的路径，并且可能会让 RVM 更好地解决问题。

您可能需要做一些小调整，但要保持简单。

我建议阅读有关 shell 如何使用 PATH 查找内容以及如何定义 PATH 的信息。此外，最好阅读有关使用 ~/.bashrc、~/.profile 和 ~/.bash_profile 的信息，尤其是在 Mac OS 上。 man bash 在命令行中说:

When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.

[...]

When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists. This may be inhibited by using the --norc option. The --rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.

当您使用默认安装方式安装 RVM 时，它将创建具有正确权限的 ~/.rvm 目录。之后您无需执行任何操作即可让 RVM 和 Ruby 将 gems 存储在该目录中。脚本将能够找到您安装的 gem，而无需使用 gem install 执行任何特殊操作。如果它变得奇怪或困难，那就是有问题了。