ruby - NoMethodError Ruby 类初始化

Question

我正在通过在线类(class)进行“类(class)介绍”练习。目标是创建一个用两个数字初始化的类 Calculator。然后可以对数字进行加、减、乘和除。我的代码似乎在本地环境中起作用:

class Calculator
  def initialize(x,y)
    @x, @y = x, y
  end
  def self.description
    "Performs basic mathematical operations"
  end
  def add
    @x + @y
  end
  def subtract
    @x - @y
  end
  def multiply
    @x * @y
  end
  def divide
    @x.to_f/@y.to_f
  end
end

但是网站有 Rspec 规范:

describe "Calculator" do
  describe "description" do
    it "returns a description string" do
      Calculator.description.should == "Performs basic mathematical operations"
    end
  end
  describe "instance methods" do
    before { @calc = Calculator.new(7, 2) }
    describe "initialize" do
      it "takes two numbers" do
        expect( @calc.x ).to eq(7)
        expect( @calc.y ).to eq(2)
      end
    end
    describe "add" do
      it "adds the two numbers" do
        expect( @calc.add ).to eq(9)
      end
    end
    describe "subtract" do
      it "subtracts the second from the first" do
        expect( @calc.subtract ).to eq(5)
      end
    end
    describe "multiply" do
      it "should return a standard number of axles for any car" do
        expect( @calc.multiply ).to eq(14)
      end
    end
    describe "divide" do
      it "divides the numbers, returning a 'Float' if appropriate" do
        expect( @calc.divide ).to eq(3.5)
      end
    end
  end
end

并且站点的规范抛出一个 NoMethodError:

NoMethodError
undefined method `x' for #<Calculator:0x007feb61460b00 @x=7, @y=2>
    exercise_spec.rb:14:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'

Answer 1

只需添加这一行

attr_reader :x, :y

修改后的代码:

class Calculator
  attr_reader :x, :y

  def initialize(x,y)
    @x, @y = x, y
  end
  def self.description
    "Performs basic mathematical operations"
  end
  def add
    # once you defined reader method as above you can simple use x to get the
    # value of @x. Same is true for only y instead of @y.
    x + y 
  end
  def subtract
    x - y
  end
  def multiply
    x * y
  end
  def divide
    x.to_f/y.to_f
  end
end

看看下面的规范代码:-

describe "initialize" do
      it "takes two numbers" do
        expect( @calc.x ).to eq(7)
        expect( @calc.y ).to eq(2)
      end
      #...

您正在调用 @calc.x 和 @calc.y。但是您没有在 Calculator 类中定义任何名为 #x 和 #y 的方法作为实例方法。这就是为什么你得到非常明确的异常作为 NoMethod 错误。

当您编写 attr_reader :x, :y 时，它会在内部为您创建这些方法。阅读此 answer理解 Ruby 中的 reader 和 writer 方法。