Ruby - 将持续时间计算为整月的百分比

Question

我想计算从特定开始时间到结束时间的持续时间，并以小时/分钟/秒为单位输出，以及该持续时间与整个月相比的百分比。

有时，一个月中的总持续时间在多个持续时间 block 中。这是一个例子:

考虑用 Ruby 加载:

Start = Date.new(2011-09-01 00:00:00)  #24h clock - start of month
End = Date.new(2011-09-31 24:00:00) # end of month
Duration1 = Date.new(2011-09-03 12:30:00) Date.new(2011-09-11 12:30:00) #From - to
Duration2 = Date.new(2011-09-13 12:30:00) Date.new(2011-09-18 12:30:00) #From - to

Duration = Duration 1 + Duration2 #Might be even more durations during a month

Puts Duration.to_s
Total = Start + End
Percentage = (Duration / Total) * 100

知道如何使用上述代码创建方法吗？如果我可以运行类似或更简单的东西，那就太棒了:

Duration1 = Timedifference "2011-09-03 12:30:00", "2011-09-11 12:30:00" # Specify duration like this
Duration2 = Timedifference "2011-09-13 12:30:00", "2011-09-18 12:30:00" # Specify duration like this
Duration = Duration1 + Duration2
puts Duration
puts Percentage.Duration

预先感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

有很多方法可以解决这个问题。假设一个人想要避免对标准库以外的任何东西的依赖，这就是我要做的:

require 'time'

# Calculate difference between two given Time objects
# and output as hours, minutes and seconds
def duration(time_start, time_end)
  secs  = (time_end - time_start).to_i
  hours = secs / 3600;
  secs -= hours * 3600
  mins  = secs / 60;
  secs -= mins * 60
  puts "#{hours}h #{mins}m #{secs}s"
end

# EDIT: Simpler and more elegant method (thanks to @knut)
def duration2(time_start, time_end)
  puts Time.at(time_end - time_start).gmtime.strftime('%dd %Hh %Mm %Ss')
end

# Calculate the difference between two given Time objects,
# and the duration of the month the latter is in, then
# output the ratio as a percentage with 2 decimal places
def percentage_of_month(time_start, time_end)
  time_secs  = time_end - time_start
  month_this = Date.civil(time_end.year, time_end.month, 1)
  month_next = month_this.next_month
  month_secs = (month_next - month_this) * 24 * 3600
  percentage = (time_secs * 100.0 / month_secs)
  puts '%2.2f%%' % percentage
end

time1a = Time.parse '2011-09-03 12:30:00'
time1b = Time.parse '2011-09-11 12:30:00'
duration time1a, time1b             # => 192h 0m 0s
percentage_of_month time1a, time1b  # => 26.67%

time2a = Time.parse '2011-09-13 12:30:00'
time2b = Time.parse '2011-09-18 12:30:00'
duration time2a, time2b             # => 120h 0m 0s
percentage_of_month time2a, time2b  # => 16.67%

time3a = Time.parse '2011-08-30 11:03:18'
time3b = Time.parse '2011-08-30 23:31:54'
duration time3a, time3b             # => 12h 28m 36s
percentage_of_month time3a, time3b  # => 1.68%