ruby - ruby 数组的 uniq 无法工作

Question

我有一个对象 Country 的数组，它具有属性“code”和“name”

数组中可能有一个国家不止一次，所以我想区分数组。

这是我的国家类

class Country
  include Mongoid::Fields::Serializable
  attr_accessor :name, :code

  FILTERS = ["Afghanistan","Brunei","Iran", "Kuwait", "Libya", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Yemen", "Britain (UK)", "Antarctica", "Bonaire Sint Eustatius & Saba", "British Indian Ocean Territory", "Cocos (Keeling) Islands", "St Barthelemy", "St Martin (French part)", "Svalbard & Jan Mayen","Vatican City"]

  EXTRAS = {
    'eng' => 'England',
    'wal' => 'Wales',
    'sco' => 'Scotland',
    'nlr' => 'Northern Ireland'
    }

  def initialize(name, code)
    @name = name
    @code = code
  end

  def deserialize(object)
    return nil unless object
    Country.new(object['name'], object['code'])
  end

  def serialize(country)
    {:name => country.name, :code => country.code}
  end

  def self.all
    add_extras(filter(TZInfo::Country.all.map{|country| to_country country})).sort! {|c1, c2| c1.name <=> c2.name}
  end

  def self.get(code)
    begin
      to_country TZInfo::Country.get(code)
    rescue TZInfo::InvalidCountryCode => e
      'InvalidCountryCode' unless EXTRAS.has_key? code
      Country.new EXTRAS[code], code
    end
  end

  def self.get_by_name(name)
    all.select {|country| country.name.downcase == name.downcase}.first
  end

  def self.filter(countries)
    countries.reject {|country| FILTERS.include?(country.name)}
  end

  def self.add_extras(countries)
    countries + EXTRAS.map{|k,v| Country.new v, k}
  end

  private
  def self.to_country(country)
    Country.new country.name, country.code
  end
end

以及我对从另一个类调用的数组的请求

  def countries_ive_drunk
    (had_drinks.map {|drink| drink.beer.country }).uniq
  end

如果我抛出数组，我可以看到结构是:

[
#<Country:0x5e3b4c8 @name="Belarus", @code="BY">, 
#<Country:0x5e396e0 @name="Britain (UK)", @code="GB">, 
#<Country:0x5e3f350 @name="Czech Republic", @code="CZ">, 
#<Country:0x5e3d730 @name="Germany", @code="DE">, 
#<Country:0x5e43778 @name="United States", @code="US">, 
#<Country:0x5e42398 @name="England", @code="eng">, 
#<Country:0x5e40f70 @name="Aaland Islands", @code="AX">, 
#<Country:0x5e47978 @name="England", @code="eng">, 
#<Country:0x5e46358 @name="Portugal", @code="PT">, 
#<Country:0x5e44d38 @name="Georgia", @code="GE">, 
#<Country:0x5e4b668 @name="Germany", @code="DE">, 
#<Country:0x5e4a2a0 @name="Anguilla", @code="AI">, 
#<Country:0x5e48c98 @name="Anguilla", @code="AI">
]

这个是一样的，不管我做不做.uniq你都能看到有两个“Anguilla”

Answer 1

正如其他人所指出的，问题是 uniq 使用 hash 来区分国家，默认情况下，Object#hash 是对所有对象都不同。它还将使用 eql? 以防两个对象返回相同的 hash 值，以确定它们是否是 eql。

最好的解决办法是首先让你的类(class)正确!

class Country
  # ... your previous code, plus:

  include Comparable

  def <=>(other)
    return nil unless other.is_a?(Country)
    (code <=> other.code).nonzero? || (name <=> other.name)
    # or less fancy:
    #   [code, name] <=> [other.code, other.name]
  end

  def hash
    [name, code].hash
  end

  alias eql? ==
end

Country.new("Canada", "CA").eql?(Country.new("Canada", "CA")) # => true

现在您可以对国家/地区数组进行排序，使用国家/地区作为散列键，比较它们等...

我包含了上面的代码来展示它通常是如何完成的，但在你的情况下，如果你继承 Struct(:code, :name)...

class Country < Stuct(:name, :code)
  # ... the rest of your code, without the `attr_accessible` nor the `initialize`
  # as Struct provides these and `hash`, `eql?`, `==`, ...
end