javascript - 类与构造函数与工厂函数中的澄清需要

Question

我正在研究 ES6 类，我的最终目标是了解类、构造函数和工厂函数之间的区别。我当前的理解是构造函数和类基本上使用相同的设计模式，类只是构造函数的新语法。基于这个假设，我正在尝试创建一些示例来显示类/构造函数和工厂函数之间的对比。

在下面的示例中，我旨在返回新对象和一些继承的方法。

我的第一个示例使用类语法非常简单。

示例#1:类

class Person {
    constructor(name, age, location, occupation) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.location = location;
        this.occupation = occupation;
    }
    printDescription() {
        console.log(`My name is ${this.name} and I'm ${this.age} years old. I live in ${this.location} and I work as a ${this.occupation}.`);
    }
}
const firstUser = new Person('Tom', 30, 'Sydney', 'Teacher');
firstUser.printDescription();

对于第二个示例，我试图用不同的方法复制第一个示例，但我不确定这是工厂构造函数还是工厂函数。

示例 #2:

function PersonMaker (name, age, location, occupation) {

    let person = {name, age, location, occupation};

    person.printDetails = () => {
        console.log(`My name is ${name} and I'm ${age} years old. I live in ${location} and I work as a ${occupation}.`);
    };

    return person;
}

const secondUser = PersonMaker('Johnny', 25, 'London', 'Driver');
secondUser.printDetails();

我需要阐明第二个示例中使用的模式，如果它不是工厂函数，我如何将它变成工厂函数？

Answer 1

因为它返回一个对象，它是一个工厂函数 - it's already explained there .

构造函数的行为与此不同，它不返回值:

function Person(name, age, location, occupation){
    this.name = name
    this.age = age
    this.location = location
    this.occupation = occupation
}

Person.prototype.printDetails = function(){
        console.log(`My name is ${this.name} and I'm ${this.age} years old. I live in ${this.location} and I work as a ${this.occupation}.`);
};

const secondUser = new Person('Johnny', 25, 'London', 'Driver');
secondUser.printDetails();

我通过扩展原型(prototype)来使用方法的定义只是为了分离构造函数，你仍然可以在构造函数中定义一个方法:

function Person(name, age, location, occupation){
    this.name = name
    this.age = age
    this.location = location
    this.occupation = occupation

    this.printDetails = function(){
        console.log(`My name is ${this.name} and I'm ${this.age} years old. I live in ${this.location} and I work as a ${this.occupation}.`);
    };
}

const secondUser = new Person('Johnny', 25, 'London', 'Driver');
secondUser.printDetails();