golang 从指针类型 slice 复制指针值

Question

type Order struct {
    *Res
    Status int
}

type Res struct {
    ResID            int64
    OtaBookID        string
    StayDetail       []*ResElement
    TotalCharge      float64
    CustFName        string
    CustLName        string
    CreateTime       time.Time
}

type ResElement struct {
    Res        *Res
    OtaEleID   string
    OtaRoomID  string
    RoomID     int
    Arrival    time.Time
    Depart     time.Time
    Charge     float64
    CreateTime time.Time
}

我有一个名为 orderList 的 slice 来记录订单。现在我有第一个 OtaBookID 是“A123”的订单，我想复制这个订单并将其 OtaBookID 更改为“B123”。 ResElement 类型有一些其他详细信息来记录此订单，我隐藏它们，因为它不会影响我的问题。我可以成功更改 Res.OtaBookID 但我不知道如何更改 Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID

func main() {
    var orderList []*Order

    res := new(Res)
    res.OtaBookID = "A123"

    resElt := new(ResElement)
    resElt.Res = res
    res.StayDetail = append(res.StayDetail, resElt)

    order := new(Order)
    order.Res = res

    orderList = append(orderList, order)

    originalOrder := new(Order)
    originalOrder.Res = new(Res)
    *originalOrder.Res = *order.Res
    //originalOrder.Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID = "B123" //this will make all become "B123"

    originalOrder.Res.OtaBookID = "B123"

    orderList = append(orderList, originalOrder)

    fmt.Println(orderList[0].Res.OtaBookID)  //A123
    fmt.Println(orderList[1].Res.OtaBookID)  //B123
    fmt.Println(orderList[0].Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID)  //A123
    fmt.Println(orderList[1].Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID)  //A123, i want this become B123
}

我要的结果是orderList[0].Res.OtaBookID 和orderList[0].Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID 是"A123"其他是"B123"

ps:因为我在接手别人的作品。所以三型已经固定，无法调整。我想知道在这种情况下是否有什么方法可以达到我的目标

Answer 1

根据您的示例和说明，我们可以专注于 main 来实现您的目标:

type Order struct {
    *Res
    Status int
}

type Res struct {
    ResID            int64
    OtaBookID        string
    StayDetail       []*ResElement
    TotalCharge      float64
    CustFName        string
    CustLName        string
    CreateTime       time.Time
}

type ResElement struct {
    Res        *Res
    OtaEleID   string
    OtaRoomID  string
    RoomID     int
    Arrival    time.Time
    Depart     time.Time
    Charge     float64
    CreateTime time.Time
}

func main() {
    var orderList []*Order

    res := new(Res)
    res.OtaBookID = "A123"

    resElt := new(ResElement)
    resElt.Res = res
    res.StayDetail = append(res.StayDetail, resElt)

    order := new(Order)
    order.Res = res

    orderList = append(orderList, order)

    originalOrder := new(Order)
    originalOrder.Res = new(Res)

    // The following statement will copy the values in the memory space of order to the memory
    // space of originalOrder, but take note that a pointer contains a memory address. Thus,
    // following this statement originalOrder.Res.StayDetail will point to the same address
    // as order.Res.StayDetail as slices are pointers...
    *originalOrder.Res = *order.Res

    // We now have to manually copy the slice to ensure it is different from the one in order.
    // We must create a new slice to avoid overwriting the source.
    originalOrder.Res.StayDetail := make([]*ResElement, len(order.Res.StayDetail))

    // Further, this slice contains pointers so we must copy these as well to ensure they do not
    // point to the ResElements of order.
    for i, v := range order.Res.StayDetail {
        re := new(ResElement)

        // copy the values of the memory in v to the values in the memory of re
        *re = *v

        // set re.Res to point to originalOrder.Res as it currently point to order.Res
        re.Res = originalOrder.Res

        // Now we must place re in the slice of originalOrder as it currently points to an
        // empty array of the correct size. Thus, we will not use append (which will grow
        // the size), we will just set the index to the correct value. Thus:
        originalOrder.StayDetail[i] = re
    }
    // The pointers and structures have now been properly set up, thus the following are equivalent:
    // originalOrder.OtaBookID = "B123" - Res via embedding
    // originalOrder.Res.OtaBookID = "B123" - Res directly
    // originalOrder.Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID = "B123" - Res via ResElement pointer Res
    // They all point to the exact same memory space

    originalOrder.Res.OtaBookID = "B123"

    orderList = append(orderList, originalOrder)

    fmt.Println(orderList[0].Res.OtaBookID)  //A123
    fmt.Println(orderList[1].Res.OtaBookID)  //B123
    fmt.Println(orderList[0].Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID)  //A123
    fmt.Println(orderList[1].Res.StayDetail[0].Res.OtaBookID)  //B123
}

永远记住，指针只是一个内存地址。如果地址值为 0xffab67e1，则指针的副本也将包含与 0xffab67e1 相同的值，并有效地指向同一事物。因此，您必须故意在新地址分配新的内存空间并复制内部值。必须对包含指针的任何结构执行此操作。我们称之为深度复制或克隆。