c# - 将 Mac XML PList 解析为可读的内容

Question

我正在尝试从 XML 中提取数据PList ( Apple System Profiler ) 文件，并将其读入内存数据库，最后我想把它变成人类可读的东西。

问题是格式似乎很难以一致的方式阅读。我已经研究了一些解决方案，但还没有找到令我满意的解决方案。我总是最终不得不对很多值进行硬编码，并最终不得不使用许多 if-else/switch 语句。

格式如下所示。

<plist>
    <key>_system</key>
    <array>
     <dict>
      <key>_cpu_type</key>
      <string>Intel Core Duo</string>
     </dict>
    </array>
</plist>

示例文件 here .

阅读后(或阅读期间)，我会使用内部词典来确定它是什么类型的信息。例如，如果键是 cpu_type，我会相应地保存信息。

---

我尝试(简化)提取信息的几个示例。

 XmlTextReader reader = new
 XmlTextReader("C:\\test.spx");

 reader.XmlResolver = null;

 reader.ReadStartElement("plist");

 String key = String.Empty; String str
 = String.Empty;

 Int32 Index = 0;

 while (reader.Read()) {

     if (reader.LocalName == "key")
     {
         Index++;
         key = reader.ReadString();
     }
     else if (reader.LocalName == "string")
     {
         str = reader.ReadString();

         if (key != String.Empty)
         {
             dct.Add(Index, new KeyPair(key, str));
             key = String.Empty;
         }
     } 
}

或者类似这样的东西。

foreach (var d in xdoc.Root.Elements("plist"))
   dict.Add(d.Element("key").Value,> d.Element("string").Value);

我找到了一个框架，我可以修改它 here .

---

一些更有用的信息

关于系统分析器的 Mac OS X 信息 here .

用于解析 XML 文件的 Apple 脚本 here .

---

对此有任何建议或见解，我们将不胜感激。

Answer 1

对此，我的第一个想法就是使用 XSLT(XSL 转换)。根据您在上述评论中的回答，我不知道您正在寻找什么格式，但我想我至少明白了要点。除非有我没有想到的特殊需求，否则我相信 XSLT 足够强大，可以完成您需要的一切，并且不需要一堆复杂的循环结构。

如果您不熟悉，w3schools 上有很多关于 XSLT 的有用信息(可能从简介开始:http://www.w3schools.com/xsl/xsl_intro.asp)，维基百科也有一篇不错的文章(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSLT)。

我总是需要一段时间才能让规则按照我想要的方式运作；这是一种不同的思考这种转变的方式，让我适应了一些。有必要对 XPATH 有一个体面的理解。我经常不得不引用 XSLT 规范(http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt)和 XPATH 规范(http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/)，因为我对它只有少量经验，可能一旦你使用它一段时间它就会消失更顺畅。

无论如何，我有一个我以前写的应用程序来玩转这些翻译。它是一个具有三个文本框的 C# 应用程序:一个用于 XSLT，一个用于源，一个用于输出。我花了几个(好吧，很多)小时试图获得将处理您的示例数据的 XSLT 的第一部分，以了解它有多难以及转换的结构是什么。我想我终于弄清楚了需要什么，但由于我不知道你需要什么格式，所以我就停在那里了。

这里是示例转换输出的链接:http://pastebin.com/SMFxUdDK .

以下是实际执行转换的所有代码，包含在您可以用来开发的表单中。它并不花哨，但对我来说效果很好。 “繁重的工作”全部在“btnTransform_Click()”处理程序中完成，另外我还实现了一个 XmlStringWriter 以便轻松地按照我想要的方式输出内容。这里的主要工作只是提出 XSLT 指令，实际的转换在 .NET XslCompiledTransform 类中为您处理得相当好。然而，我想我在写它时已经花了足够的时间弄清楚它的所有小细节，所以值得给出一个工作示例......

请注意，我在这里即时更改了几次命名空间，并且还向 XSLT 添加了一些简单的注释，所以如果有问题请告诉我，我会更正它们。

所以，没有进一步的告别:;)

XSLT 文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet
                        version="1.0"
                        xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
                        xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt"
                        exclude-result-prefixes="msxsl"
                        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                        xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                        xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions"
>
  <!-- this just says to output XML as opposed to HTML or raw text -->
  <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" xsi:type="xsl:output" />

  <!-- this matches the root element and then creates a root element -->
  <!-- with more templates applied as children -->
  <xsl:template match="/" priority="9" >
    <xsl:element name="root" xmlns="http://www.tempuri.org/plist">
      <xsl:apply-templates/>
    </xsl:element>
  </xsl:template>

  <!-- wasn't sure how you would want the dict and arrays handled -->
  <!-- for a final cut, so i just make them into parent nodes of -->
  <!-- the data underneath them, and then apply the templates -->

  <xsl:template match="dict" priority="3" >
    <xsl:element name="dictionary" xmlns="http://www.tempuri.org/plist">
      <xsl:apply-templates/>
    </xsl:element>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="array" priority="5" >
    <xsl:element name="list" xmlns="http://www.tempuri.org/plist">
      <xsl:apply-templates/>
    </xsl:element>
  </xsl:template>

  <!-- actually, figuring the following step out is what hung me up; the -->
  <!-- issue here is that i'm taking the text out of the string/integer/date -->
  <!-- nodes and putting them into elements named after the 'key' nodes -->

  <!-- because of this, you actually have to have the template match the -->
  <!-- nodes you will be consuming and then just using the conditional -->
  <!-- to only process the 'key' nodes.  also, there were a couple of -->
  <!-- stray characters in the source XML; i think it was an encoding -->
  <!-- issue, so i just stripped them out with the "translate" call when -->
  <!-- creating the keyName variable. since those were the only two -->
  <!-- and because they looked to be strays, i did not worry about it -->
  <!-- further.  the only reason it is an issue is because i was -->
  <!-- creating elements out of the contents of the keys, and key names -->
  <!-- are restricted in what characters they can use. -->

  <xsl:template match="key|string|integer|date" priority="1" >
    <xsl:if test="local-name(self::node())='key'">
      <xsl:variable name="keyName" select="translate(child::text(),' €™','---')" />
      <xsl:element name="{$keyName}" xmlns="http://www.tempuri.org/plist" >
        <!-- removed on-the-fly; i had put this in while testing
          <xsl:if test="local-name(following-sibling::node())='string'">
        -->
          <xsl:value-of select="following-sibling::node()" />
        <!--
          </xsl:if>
        -->
      </xsl:element>
    </xsl:if>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

我制作的一个小助手类(XmlStringWriter.cs):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.Xml;

namespace XSLTTest.Xml
{
    public class XmlStringWriter :
        XmlWriter
    {
        public static XmlStringWriter Create(XmlWriterSettings Settings)
        {
            return new XmlStringWriter(Settings);
        }

        public static XmlStringWriter Create()
        {
            return XmlStringWriter.Create(XmlStringWriter.XmlWriterSettings_display);
        }

        public static XmlWriterSettings XmlWriterSettings_display
        {
            get
            {
                XmlWriterSettings XWS = new XmlWriterSettings();
                XWS.OmitXmlDeclaration = false; // make a choice?
                XWS.NewLineHandling = NewLineHandling.Replace;
                XWS.NewLineOnAttributes = false;
                XWS.Indent = true;
                XWS.IndentChars = "\t";
                XWS.NewLineChars = Environment.NewLine;
                //XWS.ConformanceLevel = ConformanceLevel.Fragment;
                XWS.CloseOutput = false;

                return XWS;
            }
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return myXMLStringBuilder.ToString();
        }

        //public static implicit operator XmlWriter(XmlStringWriter Me)
        //{
        //   return Me.myXMLWriter;
        //}

        //--------------

        protected StringBuilder myXMLStringBuilder = null;
        protected XmlWriter myXMLWriter = null;

        protected XmlStringWriter(XmlWriterSettings Settings)
        {
            myXMLStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            myXMLWriter = XmlWriter.Create(myXMLStringBuilder, Settings);
        }

        public override void Close()
        {
            myXMLWriter.Close();
        }

        public override void Flush()
        {
            myXMLWriter.Flush();
        }

        public override string LookupPrefix(string ns)
        {
            return myXMLWriter.LookupPrefix(ns);
        }

        public override void WriteBase64(byte[] buffer, int index, int count)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteBase64(buffer, index, count);
        }

        public override void WriteCData(string text)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteCData(text);
        }

        public override void WriteCharEntity(char ch)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteCharEntity(ch);
        }

        public override void WriteChars(char[] buffer, int index, int count)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteChars(buffer, index, count);
        }

        public override void WriteComment(string text)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteComment(text);
        }

        public override void WriteDocType(string name, string pubid, string sysid, string subset)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteDocType(name, pubid, sysid, subset);
        }

        public override void WriteEndAttribute()
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteEndAttribute();
        }

        public override void WriteEndDocument()
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteEndDocument();
        }

        public override void WriteEndElement()
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteEndElement();
        }

        public override void WriteEntityRef(string name)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteEntityRef(name);
        }

        public override void WriteFullEndElement()
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteFullEndElement();
        }

        public override void WriteProcessingInstruction(string name, string text)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteProcessingInstruction(name, text);
        }

        public override void WriteRaw(string data)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteRaw(data);
        }

        public override void WriteRaw(char[] buffer, int index, int count)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteRaw(buffer, index, count);
        }

        public override void WriteStartAttribute(string prefix, string localName, string ns)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteStartAttribute(prefix, localName, ns);
        }

        public override void WriteStartDocument(bool standalone)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteStartDocument(standalone);
        }

        public override void WriteStartDocument()
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteStartDocument();
        }

        public override void WriteStartElement(string prefix, string localName, string ns)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteStartElement(prefix, localName, ns);
        }

        public override WriteState WriteState
        {
            get 
            {
                return myXMLWriter.WriteState;
            }
        }

        public override void WriteString(string text)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteString(text);
        }

        public override void WriteSurrogateCharEntity(char lowChar, char highChar)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteSurrogateCharEntity(lowChar, highChar);
        }

        public override void WriteWhitespace(string ws)
        {
            myXMLWriter.WriteWhitespace(ws);
        }
    }
}

Windows 窗体设计器类 (frmXSLTTest.Designer.cs)

namespace XSLTTest
{
    partial class frmXSLTTest
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.splitContainer1 = new System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer();
            this.btnTransform = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.groupBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
            this.txtStylesheet = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.splitContainer2 = new System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer();
            this.groupBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
            this.txtInputXML = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.groupBox3 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
            this.txtOutputXML = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).BeginInit();
            this.splitContainer1.Panel1.SuspendLayout();
            this.splitContainer1.Panel2.SuspendLayout();
            this.splitContainer1.SuspendLayout();
            this.groupBox1.SuspendLayout();
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer2)).BeginInit();
            this.splitContainer2.Panel1.SuspendLayout();
            this.splitContainer2.Panel2.SuspendLayout();
            this.splitContainer2.SuspendLayout();
            this.groupBox2.SuspendLayout();
            this.groupBox3.SuspendLayout();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // splitContainer1
            // 
            this.splitContainer1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.splitContainer1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
            this.splitContainer1.Name = "splitContainer1";
            this.splitContainer1.Orientation = System.Windows.Forms.Orientation.Horizontal;
            // 
            // splitContainer1.Panel1
            // 
            this.splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(this.btnTransform);
            this.splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(this.groupBox1);
            // 
            // splitContainer1.Panel2
            // 
            this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(this.splitContainer2);
            this.splitContainer1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(788, 363);
            this.splitContainer1.SplitterDistance = 194;
            this.splitContainer1.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // btnTransform
            // 
            this.btnTransform.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)));
            this.btnTransform.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 167);
            this.btnTransform.Name = "btnTransform";
            this.btnTransform.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
            this.btnTransform.TabIndex = 1;
            this.btnTransform.Text = "Transform";
            this.btnTransform.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.btnTransform.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnTransform_Click);
            // 
            // groupBox1
            // 
            this.groupBox1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom) 
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left) 
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.txtStylesheet);
            this.groupBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(3, 3);
            this.groupBox1.Name = "groupBox1";
            this.groupBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(782, 161);
            this.groupBox1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.groupBox1.TabStop = false;
            this.groupBox1.Text = "Stylesheet";
            // 
            // txtStylesheet
            // 
            this.txtStylesheet.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.txtStylesheet.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Lucida Console", 7F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
            this.txtStylesheet.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(3, 16);
            this.txtStylesheet.MaxLength = 1000000;
            this.txtStylesheet.Multiline = true;
            this.txtStylesheet.Name = "txtStylesheet";
            this.txtStylesheet.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Both;
            this.txtStylesheet.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(776, 142);
            this.txtStylesheet.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // splitContainer2
            // 
            this.splitContainer2.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.splitContainer2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
            this.splitContainer2.Name = "splitContainer2";
            // 
            // splitContainer2.Panel1
            // 
            this.splitContainer2.Panel1.Controls.Add(this.groupBox2);
            // 
            // splitContainer2.Panel2
            // 
            this.splitContainer2.Panel2.Controls.Add(this.groupBox3);
            this.splitContainer2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(788, 165);
            this.splitContainer2.SplitterDistance = 395;
            this.splitContainer2.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // groupBox2
            // 
            this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.txtInputXML);
            this.groupBox2.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.groupBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
            this.groupBox2.Name = "groupBox2";
            this.groupBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(395, 165);
            this.groupBox2.TabIndex = 1;
            this.groupBox2.TabStop = false;
            this.groupBox2.Text = "Input XML";
            // 
            // txtInputXML
            // 
            this.txtInputXML.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.txtInputXML.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Lucida Console", 7F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
            this.txtInputXML.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(3, 16);
            this.txtInputXML.MaxLength = 1000000;
            this.txtInputXML.Multiline = true;
            this.txtInputXML.Name = "txtInputXML";
            this.txtInputXML.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Both;
            this.txtInputXML.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(389, 146);
            this.txtInputXML.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
            // groupBox3
            // 
            this.groupBox3.Controls.Add(this.txtOutputXML);
            this.groupBox3.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.groupBox3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
            this.groupBox3.Name = "groupBox3";
            this.groupBox3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(389, 165);
            this.groupBox3.TabIndex = 1;
            this.groupBox3.TabStop = false;
            this.groupBox3.Text = "Output XML";
            // 
            // txtOutputXML
            // 
            this.txtOutputXML.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.txtOutputXML.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Lucida Console", 7F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
            this.txtOutputXML.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(3, 16);
            this.txtOutputXML.MaxLength = 1000000;
            this.txtOutputXML.Multiline = true;
            this.txtOutputXML.Name = "txtOutputXML";
            this.txtOutputXML.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Both;
            this.txtOutputXML.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(383, 146);
            this.txtOutputXML.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
            // frmXSLTTest
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(788, 363);
            this.Controls.Add(this.splitContainer1);
            this.Name = "frmXSLTTest";
            this.Text = "frmXSLTTest";
            this.splitContainer1.Panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ResumeLayout(false);
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).EndInit();
            this.splitContainer1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.groupBox1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.groupBox1.PerformLayout();
            this.splitContainer2.Panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.splitContainer2.Panel2.ResumeLayout(false);
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer2)).EndInit();
            this.splitContainer2.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.groupBox2.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.groupBox2.PerformLayout();
            this.groupBox3.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.groupBox3.PerformLayout();
            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer splitContainer1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnTransform;
        private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtStylesheet;
        private System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer splitContainer2;
        private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox2;
        private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox3;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtInputXML;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtOutputXML;
    }
}

表单类(frmXSLTTest.cs):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Xsl;

using XSLTTest.Xml;

namespace XSLTTest
{
    public partial class frmXSLTTest : Form
    {
        public frmXSLTTest()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnTransform_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                // temporary to copy from clipboard when pressing 
                // the button instead of using the text in the textbox
                //txtStylesheet.Text = Clipboard.GetText();

                XmlDocument Stylesheet = new XmlDocument();
                Stylesheet.InnerXml = txtStylesheet.Text;

                XslCompiledTransform XCT = new XslCompiledTransform(true);
                XCT.Load(Stylesheet);

                XmlDocument InputDocument = new XmlDocument();
                InputDocument.InnerXml = txtInputXML.Text;

                XmlStringWriter OutputWriter = XmlStringWriter.Create();

                XCT.Transform(InputDocument, OutputWriter);

                txtOutputXML.Text = OutputWriter.ToString();
            }

            catch (Exception Ex)
            {
                txtOutputXML.Text = Ex.Message;
            }
        }
    }
}