xml - 如何使用 xmlstarlet 在另一个元素下插入一个新元素？

Question

$ vim test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<config>
</config>
$ xmlstarlet ed -i "/config" -t elem -n "sub" -v "" test.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sub></sub>
<config>
</config>

但我希望 sub 成为 config 的子项。我应该如何更改 xpath parameter of -i ？

奖金:是否可以直接插入带有属性的 child ，甚至将其设置为一个值？像这样的东西:

$ xmlstarlet ed -i "/config" -t elem -n "sub" -v ""  -a attr -n "class" -v "com.foo" test.xml

Answer 1

我有一个类似的问题:我有一个 Tomcat 配置文件 (server.xml)，并且必须插入一个 <Resource>将带有预定义属性的标签放入 <GlobalNamingResources>部分。

这是它之前的样子:

<GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used
         by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase"
              auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>

这是我想要实现的:

<GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used
         by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase"
              auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
    <Resource name="jdbc/templateassets"
              auth="Container"
              type="javax.sql.DataSource"
              driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
              url="jdbc:mysql://DBHOST:DBPORT/DBNAME?createDatabaseIfNotExist=false&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8"
              username="DBUSER"
              password="DBPASS"
              maxActive="150"
              maxIdle="10"
              initialSize="10"
              validationQuery="SELECT 1"
              testOnBorrow="true" />
</GlobalNamingResources>

这是我的做法(来自 shell 脚本的片段):

if [ -n "$(xmlstarlet sel -T -t -v "/Server/GlobalNamingResources/Resource[@name='jdbc/templateassets']/@name" server.xml)" ]; then
  echo "Resource jdbc/templateassets already defined in server.xml"
else
  echo "Adding resource jdbc/templateassets to <GlobalNamingResources> in server.xml"
  xmlstarlet ed -P -S -L -s /Server/GlobalNamingResources -t elem -n ResourceTMP -v "" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "name" -v "jdbc/templateassets" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "auth" -v "Container" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "type" -v "javax.sql.DataSource" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "driverClassName" -v "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "url" -v "jdbc:mysql://DBHOST:DBPORT/DBNAME?createDatabaseIfNotExist=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "username" -v "DBUSER" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "password" -v "DBPASS" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "maxActive" -v "150" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "maxIdle" -v "10" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "initialSize" -v "10" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "validationQuery" -v "SELECT 1" \
    -i //ResourceTMP -t attr -n "testOnBorrow" -v "true" \
    -r //ResourceTMP -v Resource \
    server.xml
fi

诀窍是暂时为新元素指定一个唯一的名称，以便以后可以使用 XPATH 表达式找到它。添加所有属性后，名称将改回 Resource(使用 -r)。

其他xmlstarlet选项的含义:

-P (or --pf)        - preserve original formatting
-S (or --ps)        - preserve non-significant spaces
-L (or --inplace)   - edit file inplace