android - 可以从 Android SQLiteConstraintException 获取特定的错误详细信息吗？

Question

某些数据出现以下错误，概念很清楚:

android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: FOREIGN KEY constraint failed (code 787)

However, that doesn't help me find which specific record has the invalid FK. Rather than thrash my code and try to isolate every insert with a new transaction, is there any way to turn on (or extract) logging with helpful details such as the table in question or even the FK value that is causing trouble?

Also, I'm using SqlBrite, and have turned debug logging on (that just logs the operations, I still don't get more info on the error)

Update:Here's all of the logcat above my own code; essentially the exception is caught when trying to close a transaction (BriteDatabase.Transaction) previously opened (the BriteDatabase.Transaction object is a new addition; I just migrated from SqlBrite 0.1.0 to 0.4.1).

android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: FOREIGN KEY constraint failed (code 787)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.nativeExecute(Native Method)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.execute(SQLiteConnection.java:555)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.endTransactionUnchecked(SQLiteSession.java:437)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.endTransaction(SQLiteSession.java:401)
    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.endTransaction(SQLiteDatabase.java:522)
    at com.squareup.sqlbrite.BriteDatabase$1.end(BriteDatabase.java:85)

Answer 1

解决方案一:

您可以使用 adb shell dumpsys dbinfo -v 命令查看有关数据库的一些信息。

在我的例子中，我创建了一个小示例，它两次插入相同的记录并强制出现 SQLiteConstraintException:

MyDB db = new MyDB(this);

// Insert the same record twice to force a SQLiteConstraintException
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");

这是我的 Nexus 4 中 adb shell dumpsys dbinfo -v 命令的输出(我不确定，但我认为输出信息可能因设备而异):

Connection pool for /data/data/com.your.package.name/databases/MyDB:
Open: true
Max connections: 1
Available primary connection:
Connection #0:
  connectionPtr: 0xffffffffb883aaf0
  isPrimaryConnection: true
  onlyAllowReadOnlyOperations: false
  Most recently executed operations:
    0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
    1: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
    2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]
    3: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
    4: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForLong took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
    5: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
    6: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
    7: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] execute took 1ms - succeeded, sql="CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS android_metadata (locale TEXT)"
    8: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint=100"
    9: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint"
    10: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit=524288"
    11: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit"
    12: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA synchronous"
    13: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode=PERSIST"
    14: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.205] executeForString took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode"
    15: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA foreign_keys"
    16: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA page_size"
  Prepared statement cache:
    0: statementPtr=0xffffffffb8839558, numParameters=0, type=1, readOnly=true, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
Available non-primary connections:
<none>
Acquired connections:
<none>
Connection waiters:
<none>

分析输出，在 Most recently executed operations: 中，我得到以下信息(一条记录成功插入，另一条记录失败):

0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]

解决方案 2:

这个解决方案有点棘手，但您可以使用 android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug 类通过 Java 代码获取类似的信息。

如果你看一下this你会看到这个类被标记为 @hide 这意味着 SQLiteDebug 类被排除在 API 文档之外，但它仍然可以通过反射访问。

因此，要打印 SQLite 数据库的调试信息，您可以使用以下代码:

// The messages will be printed as Log.ERROR using the tag "DB"
Printer p = new LogPrinter(Log.ERROR, "DB");
// We will invoke the "dump" method of the "android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug" class
// We eill use the "-v" parameter because we want the output to be verbose
Class<?> c = Class.forName("android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug");
Method method = c.getMethod("dump", new Class[]{Printer.class, String[].class});
method.invoke(null, p, new String[]{"-v"});

一个简单的例子来说明解决方案:

MyDB db = new MyDB(this);

// Insert the same record twice to force a SQLiteConstraintException
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");
db.insertIntoMyTable("1","MyName");

try {
    Printer p = new LogPrinter(Log.ERROR, "DB");
    Class<?> c = Class.forName("android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDebug");
    Method method = c.getMethod("dump", new Class[]{Printer.class, String[].class});
    method.invoke(null, p, new String[]{"-v"});
}
catch (Exception e) {
    Log.e("MyTag", e.getMessage());
}

在这种情况下，我使用 LogPrinter 将调试信息转储到 logcat，但您可以使用自己的 Printer 实现。

在我的 Nexus 4 中，logcat 看起来像这样(我不确定，但我认为输出信息可能因设备而异):

E/SQLiteLog(22296): (1555) abort at 10 in [INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)]: UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296): Error inserting name=MyName _id=1
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296): android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.nativeExecuteForLastInsertedRowId(Native Method)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.executeForLastInsertedRowId(SQLiteConnection.java:782)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.executeForLastInsertedRowId(SQLiteSession.java:788)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteStatement.executeInsert(SQLiteStatement.java:86)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insertWithOnConflict(SQLiteDatabase.java:1471)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insert(SQLiteDatabase.java:1341)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.example.antonio.prueba3.MyDB.insertIntoMyTable(MyDB.java:32)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.example.antonio.prueba3.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:24)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5990)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1106)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2278)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2387)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:151)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1303)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5254)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:903)
E/SQLiteDatabase(22296):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:698)
E/DB      (22296): Connection pool for /data/data/com.example.antonio.prueba3/databases/MyDB:
E/DB      (22296):   Open: true
E/DB      (22296):   Max connections: 1
E/DB      (22296):   Available primary connection:
E/DB      (22296):     Connection #0:
E/DB      (22296):       connectionPtr: 0xffffffffb883aaf0
E/DB      (22296):       isPrimaryConnection: true
E/DB      (22296):       onlyAllowReadOnlyOperations: false
E/DB      (22296):       Most recently executed operations:
E/DB      (22296):         0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
E/DB      (22296):         1: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
E/DB      (22296):         2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]
E/DB      (22296):         3: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)"
E/DB      (22296):         4: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForLong took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
E/DB      (22296):         5: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] prepare took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA user_version;"
E/DB      (22296):         6: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.208] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
E/DB      (22296):         7: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] execute took 1ms - succeeded, sql="CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS android_metadata (locale TEXT)"
E/DB      (22296):         8: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint=100"
E/DB      (22296):         9: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint"
E/DB      (22296):         10: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit=524288"
E/DB      (22296):         11: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.207] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_size_limit"
E/DB      (22296):         12: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA synchronous"
E/DB      (22296):         13: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.206] executeForString took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode=PERSIST"
E/DB      (22296):         14: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.205] executeForString took 1ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA journal_mode"
E/DB      (22296):         15: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA foreign_keys"
E/DB      (22296):         16: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.204] executeForLong took 0ms - succeeded, sql="PRAGMA page_size"
E/DB      (22296):       Prepared statement cache:
E/DB      (22296):         0: statementPtr=0xffffffffb8839558, numParameters=0, type=1, readOnly=true, sql="SELECT locale FROM android_metadata UNION SELECT NULL ORDER BY locale DESC LIMIT 1"
E/DB      (22296):   Available non-primary connections:
E/DB      (22296):     <none>
E/DB      (22296):   Acquired connections:
E/DB      (22296):     <none>
E/DB      (22296):   Connection waiters:
E/DB      (22296):     <none>

分析输出，我得到一个SQLiteConstraintException:

E/SQLiteDatabase(22296): android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConstraintException: UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)

在 Most recently executed operations: 中，我得到以下信息(一条记录成功插入，另一条失败):

E/DB      (22296):         0: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.227] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 1ms - failed, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"], exception="UNIQUE constraint failed: MyTable._id (code 1555)"
E/DB      (22296):         2: [2015-11-13 17:59:16.209] executeForLastInsertedRowId took 18ms - succeeded, sql="INSERT INTO MyTable(name,_id) VALUES (?,?)", bindArgs=["MyName", "1"]

希望对您有所帮助。