sql - 文件系统中目录路径的分层/树数据库

Question

我想将目录(存在于磁盘上)存储到数据库中，同时保持它们的层次结构/树结构。

这是一个数字:

                         (ROOT)                       /        \                     Dir2        Dir3                   /    \           \                 Dir4   Dir5        Dir6                 /                         Dir7

我正在使用 SQLite 数据库。

请给我建议:

1. 将上述结构存储在 SQLite 数据库中的 SQL 查询，以及

2. 当我选择一个目录时检索目录完整路径的查询。

   即假设我选择 Dir7 那么我应该得到像 ROOT/Dir2/Dir4/Dir7

这样的完整路径

Answer 1

这是 SQLite 的快速关闭表示例。我没有包含将项目插入现有树的语句。相反，我只是手动创建了语句。您可以在 Models for hierarchical data 中找到插入和删除语句。幻灯片。

为了在插入目录 ID 时保持理智，我重命名了目录以匹配它们的 ID:

        (ROOT)
      /        \ 
    Dir2        Dir3
    /    \           \
  Dir4   Dir5        Dir6
  /          
Dir7

创建表

CREATE TABLE `filesystem` (
  `id` INTEGER,
  `dirname` TEXT,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

CREATE TABLE `tree_path` (
  `ancestor` INTEGER,
  `descendant` INTEGER,
  PRIMARY KEY (`ancestor`, `descendant`)
);

将目录插入文件系统表

INSERT INTO filesystem (id, dirname) VALUES (1, 'ROOT');
INSERT INTO filesystem (id, dirname) VALUES (2, 'Dir2');
INSERT INTO filesystem (id, dirname) VALUES (3, 'Dir3');
INSERT INTO filesystem (id, dirname) VALUES (4, 'Dir4');
INSERT INTO filesystem (id, dirname) VALUES (5, 'Dir5');
INSERT INTO filesystem (id, dirname) VALUES (6, 'Dir6');
INSERT INTO filesystem (id, dirname) VALUES (7, 'Dir7');

创建闭包表路径

INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (1, 2);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (1, 3);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (1, 4);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (1, 5);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (1, 6);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (1, 7);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (2, 2);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (2, 4);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (2, 5);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (2, 7);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (3, 3);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (3, 6);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (4, 4);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (4, 7);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (5, 5);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (6, 6);
INSERT INTO tree_path (ancestor, descendant) VALUES (7, 7);

运行一些查询

# (ROOT) and subdirectories
SELECT f.id, f.dirname FROM filesystem f
  JOIN tree_path t
    ON t.descendant = f.id
 WHERE t.ancestor = 1;

+----+---------+
| id | dirname |
+----+---------+
|  1 | ROOT    |
|  2 | Dir2    |
|  3 | Dir3    |
|  4 | Dir4    |
|  5 | Dir5    |
|  6 | Dir6    |
|  7 | Dir7    |
+----+---------+


# Dir3 and subdirectories
SELECT f.id, f.dirname
  FROM filesystem f
  JOIN tree_path t
    ON t.descendant = f.id
 WHERE t.ancestor = 3;

+----+---------+
| id | dirname |
+----+---------+
|  3 | Dir3    |
|  6 | Dir6    |
+----+---------+

# Dir5 and parent directories
SELECT f.id, f.dirname
  FROM filesystem f
  JOIN tree_path t
    ON t.ancestor = f.id
 WHERE t.descendant = 5;

+----+---------+
| id | dirname |
+----+---------+
|  1 | ROOT    |
|  2 | Dir2    |
|  5 | Dir5    |
+----+---------+

# Dir7 and parent directories
SELECT f.id, f.dirname
  FROM filesystem f
  JOIN tree_path t
    ON t.ancestor = f.id
 WHERE t.descendant = 7;

+----+---------+
| id | dirname |
+----+---------+
|  1 | ROOT    |
|  2 | Dir2    |
|  4 | Dir4    |
|  7 | Dir7    |
+----+---------+

SELECT f.id, f.dirname
  FROM filesystem f
  JOIN tree_path t
    ON t.ancestor = f.id
 WHERE t.descendant = (
SELECT id
  FROM filesystem
 WHERE dirname LIKE '%7%'
);

+----+---------+
| id | dirname |
+----+---------+
|  1 | ROOT    |
|  2 | Dir2    |
|  4 | Dir4    |
|  7 | Dir7    |
+----+---------+