ios - 在 SpriteKit 中转换到另一个 SKScene 后释放 SKScene

Question

我有一个 View Controller ，它有三个 skscenes 作为 child 。

当我从一个转换到另一个时，旧的 skscene 不会被释放。

我希望它被释放，就好像它从未存在过一样。

例子:

当我第一次加载应用程序时，只有 1 个 skscene 可见(假设它占用 100mb 内存)，然后我过渡到另一个(多 100mb)，然后是第三个(300mb 内存)。

我最终会得到 300 MB 的内存，并且我希望始终拥有 100 MB。

我怎样才能做到这一点？

My view controller: 

//
//  ViewController.m
//  Paddle Jumper
//
//  Created by Chance Daniel on 1/18/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Max Hudson. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Flurry.h"
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "startViewController.h"

@implementation ViewController{
    BOOL sceneSetUp;
}

- (void)viewWillLayoutSubviews
{
    if(!sceneSetUp){

        [super viewWillLayoutSubviews];

        // Configure the view.
        SKView * skView = (SKView *)self.view;
        //skView.showsFPS = YES;
        //skView.showsNodeCount = YES;

        NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
        if([[defaults objectForKey:@"firstTime"] intValue] != 1){
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] forKey:@"firstTime"];

            [defaults setObject:@"ggr" forKey:@"skinSelected"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:2] forKey:@"ggrOwned"];

            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:5000] forKey:@"gona"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1500] forKey:@"points"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:7] forKey:@"livesLeftValue"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:3] forKey:@"shieldsLeftValue"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:2] forKey:@"lvlTwoLeftValue"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:0] forKey:@"lvlThreeLeftValue"];
        }

        if(![defaults objectForKey:@"tut_game1"]){
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] forKey:@"tut_game1"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] forKey:@"tut_store"];
            [defaults setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] forKey:@"tut_daily"];
        }

        [defaults synchronize];

        // Create and configure the scene.
        SKScene * startScene = [StartViewController sceneWithSize:skView.bounds.size];
        startScene.scaleMode = SKSceneScaleModeAspectFill;

        // Present the scene.
        [skView presentScene:startScene];
        //[skView presentScene:scene];

        sceneSetUp = YES;
    }

}

-(void) switchScene{

}

- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate
{
    return YES;
}

- (NSUInteger)supportedInterfaceOrientations
{
    if ([[UIDevice currentDevice] userInterfaceIdiom] == UIUserInterfaceIdiomPhone) {
        return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskAllButUpsideDown;
    } else {
        return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskAll;
    }
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Release any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use.
}

@end

An SKScene that won't release: //
//  SettingsSKScene.m
//  Paddle Jumper
//
//  Created by Max Hudson on 3/15/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Max Hudson. All rights reserved.
//

#import "SettingsSKScene.h"
#import "gameViewController.h"
#import "StoreScene.h"

@interface SettingsSKScene (){
    SKSpriteNode *bg;
    SKSpriteNode *masterOverlay;
    SKSpriteNode *wbox;
    SKSpriteNode *gamecenter;
    SKSpriteNode *max;
    SKSpriteNode *chance;
    SKSpriteNode *bryce;
    SKSpriteNode *home;
    SKSpriteNode *play;

    SKSpriteNode *chance_link;
    SKSpriteNode *max_link;
    SKSpriteNode *bryce_link;

    SKSpriteNode *fbButton;
    SKSpriteNode *fbToggleYes;
    SKSpriteNode *fbToggleNo;

    SKLabelNode *story1;
    SKLabelNode *story2;
    SKLabelNode *story3;

    SKLabelNode *chance_name;
    SKLabelNode *max_name;
    SKLabelNode *bryce_name;

    SKLabelNode *chance_role;
    SKLabelNode *max_role;
    SKLabelNode *bryce_role;

    SKLabelNode *chance_handle;
    SKLabelNode *max_handle;
    SKLabelNode *bryce_handle;

    SKTexture *bg_texture;
    SKTexture *gamecenter_texture;
    SKTexture *wbox_texture;
    SKTexture *max_texture;
    SKTexture *chance_texture;
    SKTexture *bryce_texture;
    SKTexture *home_texture;
    SKTexture *play_texture;
    SKTexture *fb_texture;
    SKTexture *toggle_yes_texture;
    SKTexture *toggle_no_texture;
}

@end

@implementation SettingsSKScene

-(id) initWithSize:(CGSize)size{
    if(self = [super initWithSize:size]){
        masterOverlay = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithColor:[SKColor blackColor] size:self.frame.size];
        masterOverlay.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width/2, self.frame.size.height/2);
        [self addChild:masterOverlay];

        bg_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"settings_bg"];
        wbox_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"white_rect_bg"];
        gamecenter_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"gc"];
        max_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"max"];
        chance_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"chance"];
        bryce_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"bryce"];
        home_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"home_light"];
        play_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"play_light"];
        fb_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"fb_light"];
        toggle_yes_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"toggle_yes"];
        toggle_no_texture = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"toggle_no"];

        NSArray *to_preload = @[bg_texture, wbox_texture, gamecenter_texture, max_texture, chance_texture, bryce_texture, home_texture, play_texture, fb_texture, toggle_yes_texture, toggle_no_texture];

        [SKTexture preloadTextures:to_preload withCompletionHandler:^{
            [self fadeRemove:masterOverlay];
            [self initialize];
        }];
    }
    return self;
}

-(void) fadeRemove: (SKNode *) node{
    double duration = arc4random() % 10;
    duration *= 0.05;
    SKAction *fadeOut = [SKAction fadeOutWithDuration:0.1+duration];
    SKAction *remove = [SKAction runBlock:^{
        [node removeFromParent];
    }];

    [node runAction:[SKAction sequence:@[fadeOut, remove]]];
}

-(void) initialize{
    bg = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:bg_texture];
    bg.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width/2, self.frame.size.height/2);
    bg.zPosition = 0;

    wbox = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:wbox_texture];
    wbox.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width/2, 70);
    wbox.alpha = 0.8;
    wbox.zPosition = 2;

    gamecenter = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:gamecenter_texture];
    gamecenter.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width/2 + 100, self.frame.size.height/2-2);
    gamecenter.name = @"gc";
    gamecenter.zPosition = 2;

    fbButton = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:fb_texture];
    fbButton.size = CGSizeMake(36, 36);
    fbButton.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width/2 - 115, self.frame.size.height/2-2);
    fbButton.name = @"fb";
    fbButton.zPosition = 2;

    fbToggleNo = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:toggle_no_texture];
    fbToggleNo.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width/2 - 50, self.frame.size.height/2-2);
    fbToggleNo.size = CGSizeMake(fbToggleNo.size.width/3, fbToggleNo.size.height/3);
    fbToggleNo.name = @"fbno";
    fbToggleNo.zPosition = 2;

    fbToggleYes = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:toggle_yes_texture];
    fbToggleYes.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width/2 - 70, self.frame.size.height/2-2);
    fbToggleYes.name = @"fbyes";
    fbToggleYes.zPosition = 2;

    int hpBuffer = 40;
    int hpZ = 2;

    home = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:home_texture];
    home.position = CGPointMake(hpBuffer, self.frame.size.height - hpBuffer);
    home.zPosition = hpZ;
    home.name = @"home";

    play = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:play_texture];
    play.position = CGPointMake(self.frame.size.width - hpBuffer, self.frame.size.height - hpBuffer);
    play.zPosition = hpZ;
    play.name = @"play";

    [self addChild:bg];
    [self addChild:wbox];
    [self addChild:gamecenter];
    [self addChild:home];
    [self addChild:play];

    [self addChild:fbButton];
    [self addChild:fbToggleNo];

    [self addCredits];
    [self addStory];
}

-(void) addCredits{
    /* images */

    int cmbZ = wbox.zPosition + 1;
    int cmbY = wbox.position.y;
    int cmbXUnit = 132;
    int cmbX = self.frame.size.width/2 - (3*cmbXUnit)/2 + 20;
    int cmbWidth = 40;

    chance  = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:chance_texture];
    max = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:max_texture];
    bryce  = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithTexture:bryce_texture];

    chance.zPosition = cmbZ;
    max.zPosition = cmbZ;
    bryce.zPosition = cmbZ;

    chance.position = CGPointMake(cmbX+cmbXUnit*0, cmbY+3);
    max.position = CGPointMake(cmbX+cmbXUnit*1 + 10, cmbY);
    bryce.position = CGPointMake(cmbX+cmbXUnit*2 + 10, cmbY+5);

    chance.size = CGSizeMake(cmbWidth, (chance.size.height/chance.size.width)*cmbWidth);
    max.size = CGSizeMake(cmbWidth, (max.size.height/max.size.width)*cmbWidth);
    bryce.size = CGSizeMake(cmbWidth, (bryce.size.height/bryce.size.width)*cmbWidth);

    [self addChild:chance];
    [self addChild:max];
    [self addChild:bryce];

    /* names */

    int cmb_nameXUnit = 30;
    int cmb_nameY = wbox.position.y - 10;
    int cmb_nameFontSize = 18;

    chance_name = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    max_name = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    bryce_name = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];

    chance_name.text = @"Chance Daniel";
    max_name.text = @"Max Hudson";
    bryce_name.text = @"Bryce Daniel";

    chance_name.fontColor = [SKColor blackColor];
    max_name.fontColor = [SKColor blackColor];
    bryce_name.fontColor = [SKColor blackColor];

    chance_name.horizontalAlignmentMode = SKLabelHorizontalAlignmentModeLeft;
    max_name.horizontalAlignmentMode = SKLabelHorizontalAlignmentModeLeft;
    bryce_name.horizontalAlignmentMode = SKLabelHorizontalAlignmentModeLeft;

    chance_name.position = CGPointMake(chance.position.x + cmb_nameXUnit, cmb_nameY);
    max_name.position = CGPointMake(max.position.x + cmb_nameXUnit, cmb_nameY);
    bryce_name.position = CGPointMake(bryce.position.x + cmb_nameXUnit, cmb_nameY);

    chance_name.fontSize = cmb_nameFontSize;
    max_name.fontSize = cmb_nameFontSize;
    bryce_name.fontSize = cmb_nameFontSize;

    chance_name.zPosition = cmbZ;
    max_name.zPosition = cmbZ;
    bryce_name.zPosition = cmbZ;

    [self addChild:chance_name];
    [self addChild:max_name];
    [self addChild:bryce_name];

    /* roles */

    int cmb_roleY = wbox.position.y - 25;
    int cmb_roleFontSize = 11;

    chance_role = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    max_role = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    bryce_role = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];

    chance_role.text = @"Programmer";
    max_role.text = @"Programmer";
    bryce_role.text = @"Graphic Designer";

    chance_role.fontColor = [SKColor darkGrayColor];
    max_role.fontColor = [SKColor darkGrayColor];
    bryce_role.fontColor = [SKColor darkGrayColor];

    chance_role.horizontalAlignmentMode = SKLabelHorizontalAlignmentModeLeft;
    max_role.horizontalAlignmentMode = SKLabelHorizontalAlignmentModeLeft;
    bryce_role.horizontalAlignmentMode = SKLabelHorizontalAlignmentModeLeft;

    chance_role.position = CGPointMake(chance.position.x + cmb_nameXUnit + 19, cmb_roleY);
    max_role.position = CGPointMake(max.position.x + cmb_nameXUnit + 12, cmb_roleY);
    bryce_role.position = CGPointMake(bryce.position.x + cmb_nameXUnit + 6, cmb_roleY);

    chance_role.fontSize = cmb_roleFontSize;
    max_role.fontSize = cmb_roleFontSize;
    bryce_role.fontSize = cmb_roleFontSize;

    chance_role.zPosition = cmbZ;
    max_role.zPosition = cmbZ;
    bryce_role.zPosition = cmbZ;

    [self addChild:chance_role];
    [self addChild:max_role];
    [self addChild:bryce_role];

    /* twitter handles */

    int cmb_handY = wbox.position.y - 40;
    int cmb_handFontSize = 10;

    chance_handle = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    max_handle = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    bryce_handle = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];

    chance_handle.text = @"@ChanceOfThat";
    max_handle.text = @"@max_hud";
    bryce_handle.text = @"@BryceOfLife";

    chance_handle.fontColor = [SKColor darkGrayColor];
    max_handle.fontColor = [SKColor darkGrayColor];
    bryce_handle.fontColor = [SKColor darkGrayColor];

    chance_handle.position = CGPointMake(chance.position.x, cmb_handY);
    max_handle.position = CGPointMake(max.position.x, cmb_handY);
    bryce_handle.position = CGPointMake(bryce.position.x, cmb_handY);

    chance_handle.fontSize = cmb_handFontSize;
    max_handle.fontSize = cmb_handFontSize;
    bryce_handle.fontSize = cmb_handFontSize;

    chance_handle.zPosition = cmbZ;
    max_handle.zPosition = cmbZ;
    bryce_handle.zPosition = cmbZ;

    [self addChild:chance_handle];
    [self addChild:max_handle];
    [self addChild:bryce_handle];

    /* touchzones */

    CGSize cmdL_size = CGSizeMake(120, 70);
    SKColor *cmdL_color = [SKColor clearColor];
    int cmdLZ = 3;
    int cmdLX = cmbX + 40;

    chance_link = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithColor:cmdL_color size:cmdL_size];
    max_link = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithColor:cmdL_color size:cmdL_size];
    bryce_link = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithColor:cmdL_color size:cmdL_size];

    chance_link.position = CGPointMake(cmdLX+cmbXUnit*0, cmbY);
    max_link.position = CGPointMake(cmdLX+cmbXUnit*1 + 10, cmbY);
    bryce_link.position = CGPointMake(cmdLX+cmbXUnit*2 + 10, cmbY);

    chance_link.zPosition = cmdLZ;
    max_link.zPosition = cmdLZ;
    bryce_link.zPosition = cmdLZ;

    chance_link.name = @"c_handle";
    max_link.name = @"m_handle";
    bryce_link.name = @"b_handle";

    [self addChild:chance_link];
    [self addChild:max_link];
    [self addChild:bryce_link];
}

-(void) addStory{

    int stX = self.frame.size.width/2;
    int stZ = 2;
    SKColor *stColor = [SKColor whiteColor];

    story1 = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    story2 = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];
    story3 = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"BebasNeue"];

    story1.text = @"Gon";
    story2.text = @"Help Gon-Gon and his friends get";
    story3.text = @"Back to the time they came from!";

    story1.fontColor = stColor;
    story2.fontColor = stColor;
    story3.fontColor = stColor;

    story1.zPosition = stZ;
    story2.zPosition = stZ;
    story3.zPosition = stZ;

    story1.position = CGPointMake(stX, self.frame.size.height - 55);
    story1.fontSize = 50;

    story2.position = CGPointMake(stX, self.frame.size.height - 95);
    story2.fontSize = 30;

    story3.position = CGPointMake(stX, self.frame.size.height - 120);
    story3.fontSize = 20;

    [self addChild:story1];
    [self addChild:story2];
    [self addChild:story3];
}

-(void) touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    UITouch *touchUI = [touches anyObject];
    CGPoint touchPoint = [touchUI locationInNode:self];
    SKNode *touchNode = [self nodeAtPoint:touchPoint];

    if([touchNode.name isEqualToString:@"home"]){
        StartViewController *svc = [[StartViewController alloc] initWithSize:self.size];
        SKTransition *fade = [SKTransition fadeWithColor :[SKColor blackColor] duration:0.4];
        [self.view presentScene:svc transition:fade];
    }

    if([touchNode.name isEqualToString:@"play"]){
        gameViewController *gvc = [[gameViewController alloc] initWithSize:self.size];
        SKTransition *fade = [SKTransition fadeWithColor :[SKColor blackColor] duration:0.4];
        [self.view presentScene:gvc transition:fade];
    }

    if([touchNode.name isEqualToString:@"gc"]){
        NSDictionary * dict = [[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjectsAndKeys:[NSNumber numberWithBool:1], @"showGC", nil];

        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]postNotificationName:@"kNotificationUpdateBannerView" object:self userInfo:dict];
    }

    if([touchNode.name isEqualToString:@"c_handle"]){
        NSURL *urlApp = [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @"twitter:///user?screen_name=ChanceOfThat"]];
        int worked = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:urlApp];
        if(!worked){
            NSURL *urlApp = [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @"https://twitter.com/#!/ChanceOfThat"]];
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:urlApp];
        }
    }

    if([touchNode.name isEqualToString:@"m_handle"]){
        NSURL *urlApp = [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @"twitter:///user?screen_name=max_hud"]];
        int worked = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:urlApp];
        if(!worked){
            NSURL *urlApp = [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @"https://twitter.com/#!/max_hud"]];
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:urlApp];
        }
    }

    if([touchNode.name isEqualToString:@"b_handle"]){
        NSURL *urlApp = [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @"twitter:///user?screen_name=BryceOfLife"]];
        int worked = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:urlApp];
        if(!worked){
            NSURL *urlApp = [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @"https://twitter.com/#!/BryceOfLife"]];
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:urlApp];
        }
    }
}

@end

Answer 1

提出这个问题的人也遇到了类似的问题question .

当被问到他是否能够解决这个问题时，他们说:

Yes, I did, there wasn't anything I could do about it from the scene or Sprite Kit for that matter, I simply needed to remove the scene and the view containing it completely from the parent view, cut all its bonds to the other parts of the system, in order for the memory to be deallocated as well.

您应该为每个场景和这些 View 之间的过渡使用单独的 View 。您可以按照以下步骤使其看起来自然:

1 - 在您想要从一个场景过渡到另一个场景时，使用以下代码拍摄场景快照:

UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(self.view.bounds.size, NO, scale);
[self drawViewHierarchyInRect:self.bounds afterScreenUpdates:YES];
UIImage *viewImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

然后，将这张图片添加为当前场景的SKView的 subview ，并移除场景。

2 - 在另一个 View 上初始化新场景，并使用 UIView 动画在两个 View 之间进行转换。

3 - 从它的父 View 中删除第一个 View 。