c# - MVC View 模型示例

Question

我一直在编写教程并尝试学习有关 MVC 开发的最佳实践。我在下面使用的设计来自 Apress/Adam Freeman 的 Pro ASP.Net MVC5。到目前为止，一切进展顺利……但我仍然没有完全掌握如何使用 Controllers。是的，我了解 Controller 的概念，但在发布和获取方法时仍然很挣扎。这是我的示例 MVC 应用程序的流程:

我的 app.Domain 项目

我在数据库中有一个用户表并用 Entities/Users.cs 引用它

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace app.Domain.Entities
{
public class Users
{
    [Key]
    public int UserID { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public string Email { get; set; }
    public string City { get; set; }
    public string State { get; set; }
    public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; }
    public DateTime LastLogin { get; set; }

}
}

接下来，我有一个接口(interface)，它位于 Abstract/IUsersRepository.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using app.Domain.Entities;

namespace app.Domain.Abstract
{
public interface IUsersRepository
{
    IEnumerable<Users> Users { get; }
}
}

继续前进，现在我填充我的实体 Concrete/EFUsersRepository.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using app.Domain.Entities;
using app.Domain.Abstract;

namespace app.Domain.Concrete
{
public class EFUsersRepository : IUsersRepository
{
    private EFDbContext context = new EFDbContext();

    public IEnumerable<Users> Users
    {
        get { return context.Users; }
    }
}
}

此外，教科书使用的是我理解的 Ninject，并且所有内容都已正确绑定(bind)。除非有人要求我，否则我不会发布该代码。

这是我的 app.WebUI 解决方案:

教科书引导我创建一个 ViewModel。这对我来说有点模糊。 ViewModel 是获取实体的额外 channel 吗？我是否应该始终创建 ViewModel 来选择、更新、插入、删除数据 (Models/UsersViewModel.cs)，而不是引用模型本身？

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using app.Domain.Entities;

namespace app.WebUI.Models
{
public class UsersViewModel
{
    //public string FirstName { get; set; }
    //public string LastName { get; set; }
    //public string Email { get; set; }
    //public string City { get; set; }
    //public string State { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<Users> Users { get; set; }
}
}

该场景是用户输入电子邮件，然后 Controller 检查数据库中的电子邮件。如果存在，则重定向到关于 View (Controllers/HomeController.cs)。

using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using app.Domain.Abstract;
using app.WebUI.Models;


namespace app.Controllers
{
public class HomeController : Controller
{
    private IUsersRepository repository;

    public HomeController(IUsersRepository usersRepository)
    {
        this.repository = usersRepository;
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        return View();
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        UsersViewModel userViewModel = new UsersViewModel()
        {
            Users = repository.Users
            .Where(p => p.Email == "LearningMVC5@gmail.com")
        };
        return View("About", userViewModel);

    }

    public ActionResult About()
    {
        ViewBag.Message = "Your application description page.";
        return View();
    }

    public ActionResult Contact()
    {
        ViewBag.Message = "Your contact page.";
        return View();
    }
}
}

这是我的 View (Home/Index.cshtml):

@model app.WebUI.Models.UsersViewModel

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_LayoutNoMenu.cshtml";
}


@foreach (var p in Model.Users)
{ 
<div class="container">
@using (Html.BeginForm("About", "Home", FormMethod.Get, new { @class = "begin-form" }))
{
    <h1>Welcome</h1>
    <div class="required-field-block">
    <textarea rows="1" class="form-control" placeholder="Email" id="filter"></textarea>
    </div>
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Login</button>
}
</div>
}

关于如何正确使用 ViewModel 有什么建议吗？

Answer 1

2014年6月，学习MVC的时候问了这个问题。到今天为止，我理解了 View 模型的概念。希望这会帮助另一个 MVC 初学者:

代表数据库表的模型:

public partial class County : Entity
{
    public int CountyID { get; set; }
    public string CountyName { get; set; }
    public string UserID { get; set; }
    public DateTime? CreatedDate { get; set; }
    public string ModifiedUserID { get; set; }
    public DateTime? ModifiedDate { get; set; }

    public virtual IList<Property> Properties { get; set; }
    public virtual DistrictOffice DistrictOffice { get; set; }
    public virtual IList<Recipient> Recipients { get; set; }
}

有两种一对多关系和一种一对一关系。 Entity Framework 和依赖注入(inject)。 (这不是 View 模型解释所必需的。)

首先，我创建了一个用于临时存储的 View 模型，以便从 Controller 传递到 View 。 CountyViewModel.cs

public class CountyViewModel
{
    [HiddenInput]
    public int? CountyId { get; set; }

    [DisplayName("County Name")]
    [StringLength(25)]
    public string CountyName { get; set; }

    [DisplayName("Username")]
    [StringLength(255)]
    public string Username{ get; set; }
}

您可以灵活地使用与您的模型不同的名称和数据类型。例如，我的数据库列是 UserID，我的模型是 UserID，但我的 View 模型是 UserName。您不需要将数据传递给不会被使用的 View (例如，整个模型)。这个例子只需要 County 模型的三个部分。

在我的 Controller 中，我声明了我的 View 模型:

我需要数据:

var county = _countyService.Get(countyId);

接下来，

CountyViewModel countyViewModel = new CountyViewModel();
countyViewModel.CountyId = county.CountyID;
countyViewModel.CountyName = county.CountyName;
countyViewModel.UserName = county.UserID;

也可以这样声明:

CountyViewModel countyViewModel = new CountyViewModel
{
    CountyId = county.CountyID,
    CountyName = county.CountyName,
    UserName = county.UserID
};

现在是传递 View 的时候了:

return View(countyViewModel);

在 View 中:

@model Project.Web.ViewModels.CountyViewModel

@{
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
 }

 <div>@Model.CountyName</div>
 @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.CountyId)

 <div>
 @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.CountyName, new { @class = "form-control" })

这是一个使用 View 模型传递数据并使用 Entity Framework 对数据库进行服务调用的简单示例:

示例 Controller

public class PropertyController : Controller
{
    private readonly ICountyService _countyService;

    public PropertyController(ICountyService countyService)
        : base()
    {
        _countyService = countyService;
    }


    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult NewProperty()
    {
        using (UnitOfWorkManager.NewUnitOfWork())
        {
            ListAllCountiesViewModel listAllCountyViewModel = new ListAllCountiesViewModel()
            {
                ListAllCounty = _countyService.ListOfCounties().ToList()
            };

            PropertyViewModel viewModel = new PropertyViewModel()
            {
                _listAllCountyViewModel = listAllCountyViewModel,
                _countyViewModel = new CountyViewModel(),
            };
            return View(viewModel);
        }
     }
 }

示例 View 模型

public class CountyViewModel
{
    [HiddenInput]
    public int? CountyId { get; set; }

    [DisplayName("County Name")]
    [StringLength(25)]
    public string CountyName { get; set; }

    [DisplayName("County URL")]
    [StringLength(255)]
    public string URL { get; set; }
}

public class ListAllCountiesViewModel
{
    public string CountyName { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<County> ListAllCounty { get; set; }
}

public class PropertyViewModel
{
    public ListAllCountiesViewModel _listAllCountyViewModel { get; set; }
    public CountyViewModel _countyViewModel { get; set; }
}

示例服务层

public partial interface ICountyService
{
    County Get(int id);
    County GetByCompanyCountyID(int id);
    IEnumerable<County> ListOfCounties();
    void Delete(County county);
    IEnumerable<State> ListOfStates();
    void Add(County county);
    County SearchByName(string county);
}


public partial class CountyService : ICountyService
{
    private readonly ICountyRepository _countyRepository;

    public CountyService(ICountyRepository countryRepository)
    {
        _countyRepository = countryRepository;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a county
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="id"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public County Get(int id)
    {
        return _countyRepository.Get(id);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a county by County Id
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="id"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public County GetByCountyID(int id)
    {
        return _countyRepository.GetByMedicaidCountyID(id);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns all counties
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public IEnumerable<County> ListOfCounties()
    {
        return _countyRepository.ListOfCounties();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Deletes a county
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="county"></param>
    public void Delete(County county)
    {
        _countyRepository.Delete(county);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Return a static list of all U.S. states
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public IEnumerable<State> ListOfStates()
    {
        var states = ServiceHelpers.CreateStateList(); 
        return states.ToList();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Add a county
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="county"></param>
    public void Add(County county)
    {
        county.CreatedUserID = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name;
        county.CreatedDate = DateTime.Now;
        _countyRepository.Add(county);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Return a county by searching it's name
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="county"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public County SearchByName(string county)
    {
        return _countyRepository.SearchByName(county);
    }
}

示例 存储层

public partial class CountyRepository : ICountyRepository
{
    private readonly Context _context;

    public CountyRepository(IContext context)
    {
        _context = context as Context;
    }

    public County Get(int id)
    {
        return _context.County.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CountyID == id);
    }

    public County GetByCompanyCountyID(int id)
    {
        return _context.County.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CountyID == id);
    }

    public IList<County> ListOfCounties()
    {
        return _context.County.ToList()
            .OrderBy(x => x.CountyName)  
            .ToList();
    }

    public void Delete(County county)
    {
        _context.County.Remove(county);
    }

    public County Add(County county)
    {
        _context.County.Add(county);
        return county;
    }

    public County SearchByName(string county)
    {
        return _context.County.FirstOrDefault(x => x.CountyName == county);
    }
}