c# - 如何使用后期绑定(bind)获取excel实例？

Question

我正在使用

[DllImport("Oleacc.dll")]
static extern int AccessibleObjectFromWindow(
int hwnd, 
uint dwObjectID, 
byte[] riid,
ref Excel.Window ptr);

使用他的句柄获取一个 Excel 实例，我从 excel 实例的进程 ID 中获取该句柄。

这是我使用这些函数时的样子

const uint OBJID_NATIVEOM = 0xFFFFFFF0;
Guid IID_IDispatch = new Guid("{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}");
Excel.Window ptr = null;  
int hr = AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hwndChild, OBJID_NATIVEOM, 
          IID_IDispatch.ToByteArray(), ref ptr);

Object objApp = ptr.Application;

这种简洁的代码效果很好，但唯一的问题是我必须添加对 Office 2003 主要互操作程序集的引用。

如您所见，函数中的最后一个参数是我需要添加对 Pias 的引用的原因，所以我的问题是是否有办法避免使用互操作程序集，我最近尝试过绑定(bind)，但也许我做错了，因为我没能让它发挥作用。

Answer 1

首先:C# 中的后期绑定(bind)非常痛苦。最好避免它。第二:C# 中的后期绑定(bind)是一种痛苦。使用 PIA!

好的，话虽这么说，但为了使用后期绑定(bind)，您需要执行以下操作:删除对 Office 2003 PIA 的引用，并添加 AccessibleObjectFromWindow 所需接口(interface)的 COM 导入，即 Excel.Window 界面:

[Guid("00020893-0000-0000-C000-000000000046")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIDispatch)]
public interface ExcelWindow
{
}

您可以使用类似 Reflector 的工具检索此接口(interface)(或者只需在 Excel.Window 类型上按 F12，而对 Excel PIA 的引用仍在您的项目中)

完成后，您将必须修改 AccessibleObjectFromWindow 的签名以匹配导入的 ExcelWindow 接口(interface):

[DllImport("Oleacc.dll")]
static extern int AccessibleObjectFromWindow(int hwnd, uint dwObjectID, byte[] riid, out ExcelWindow ptr);

最后，您必须使用反射从 ExcelWindow 对象中获取 Excel.Application 对象:

object xlApp = ptr.GetType().InvokeMember("Application", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, ptr, null);

如果您的代码要对 Excel 的 OM 进行大量调用，则在关闭 Option Strict 的情况下使用 VB 可能更容易(或等待 C#4.0 ;-)。或者，如果您不想从 C# 进行更改，那么为后期绑定(bind)调用创建一个包装器类可能是个好主意。

---

完整样本

这是一个功能齐全的示例(基于 Andrew Whitechapel 的 article):

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

namespace ExcelLateBindingSample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interface definition for Excel.Window interface
    /// </summary>
    [Guid("00020893-0000-0000-C000-000000000046")]
    [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIDispatch)]
    public interface ExcelWindow
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This class is needed as a workaround to http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;320369
    /// Excel automation will fail with the follwoing error on systems with non-English regional settings:
    /// "Old format or invalid type library. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80028018 (TYPE_E_INVDATAREAD))" 
    /// </summary>
    class UILanguageHelper : IDisposable
    {
        private CultureInfo _currentCulture;

        public UILanguageHelper()
        {
            // save current culture and set culture to en-US 
            _currentCulture = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
            System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo("en-US");
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            // reset to original culture 
            System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = _currentCulture;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

        [DllImport("Oleacc.dll")]
        static extern int AccessibleObjectFromWindow(int hwnd, uint dwObjectID, byte[] riid, out ExcelWindow ptr);

        public delegate bool EnumChildCallback(int hwnd, ref int lParam);

        [DllImport("User32.dll")]
        public static extern bool EnumChildWindows(int hWndParent, EnumChildCallback lpEnumFunc, ref int lParam);

        [DllImport("User32.dll")]
        public static extern int GetClassName(int hWnd, StringBuilder lpClassName, int nMaxCount);

        public static bool EnumChildProc(int hwndChild, ref int lParam)
        {
            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(128);
            GetClassName(hwndChild, buf, 128);
            if (buf.ToString() == "EXCEL7")
            {
                lParam = hwndChild;
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Use the window class name ("XLMAIN") to retrieve a handle to Excel's main window.
            // Alternatively you can get the window handle via the process id:
            // int hwnd = (int)Process.GetProcessById(excelPid).MainWindowHandle;
            //
            int hwnd = (int)FindWindow("XLMAIN", null); 
            
            if (hwnd != 0)
            {
                int hwndChild = 0;

                // Search the accessible child window (it has class name "EXCEL7") 
                EnumChildCallback cb = new EnumChildCallback(EnumChildProc);
                EnumChildWindows(hwnd, cb, ref hwndChild);

                if (hwndChild != 0)
                {
                    // We call AccessibleObjectFromWindow, passing the constant OBJID_NATIVEOM (defined in winuser.h) 
                    // and IID_IDispatch - we want an IDispatch pointer into the native object model.
                    //
                    const uint OBJID_NATIVEOM = 0xFFFFFFF0;
                    Guid IID_IDispatch = new Guid("{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}");
                    ExcelWindow ptr;

                    int hr = AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hwndChild, OBJID_NATIVEOM, IID_IDispatch.ToByteArray(), out ptr);

                    if (hr >= 0)
                    {
                        // We successfully got a native OM IDispatch pointer, we can QI this for
                        // an Excel Application using reflection (and using UILanguageHelper to 
                        // fix http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;320369)
                        //
                        using (UILanguageHelper fix = new UILanguageHelper())
                        {
                            object xlApp = ptr.GetType().InvokeMember("Application", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, ptr, null);

                            object version = xlApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Version", BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, xlApp, null);
                            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Excel version is: {0}", version));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

如果没有 VB 中的 PIA，这将是相同的解决方案(请注意，OM 调用可读性更高；但是，访问 OM 的代码将是相同的):

Option Strict Off

Imports System.Globalization
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Text

Module ExcelLateBindingSample

    ''' <summary>
    ''' Interface definition for Excel.Window interface
    ''' </summary>
    <Guid("00020893-0000-0000-C000-000000000046"), _
    InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIDispatch)> _
    Public Interface ExcelWindow
    End Interface

    ''' <summary>
    ''' This class is needed as a workaround to http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;320369
    ''' Excel automation will fail with the follwoing error on systems with non-English regional settings:
    ''' "Old format or invalid type library. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80028018 (TYPE_E_INVDATAREAD))" 
    ''' </summary>
    Class UILanguageHelper
        Implements IDisposable

        Private _currentCulture As CultureInfo

        Public Sub New()
            ' save current culture and set culture to en-US 
            _currentCulture = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture
            System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = New CultureInfo("en-US")
        End Sub

        Public Sub Dispose() Implements System.IDisposable.Dispose
            'reset to original culture 
            System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = _currentCulture
        End Sub

    End Class

    <DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True, CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)> _
    Private Function FindWindow(ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr
    End Function

    <DllImport("Oleacc.dll")> _
    Private Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow(ByVal hwnd As Integer, ByVal dwObjectID As UInt32, ByVal riid() As Byte, ByRef ptr As ExcelWindow) As Integer
    End Function

    Public Delegate Function EnumChildCallback(ByVal hwnd As Integer, ByRef lParam As Integer) As Boolean

    <DllImport("User32.dll")> _
    Public Function EnumChildWindows(ByVal hWndParent As Integer, ByVal lpEnumFunc As EnumChildCallback, ByRef lParam As Integer) As Boolean
    End Function

    <DllImport("User32.dll")> _
    Public Function GetClassName(ByVal hWnd As Integer, ByVal lpClassName As StringBuilder, ByVal nMaxCount As Integer) As Integer
    End Function

    Public Function EnumChildProc(ByVal hwndChild As Integer, ByRef lParam As Integer) As Boolean
        Dim buf As New StringBuilder(128)
        GetClassName(hwndChild, buf, 128)
        If buf.ToString() = "EXCEL7" Then
            lParam = hwndChild
            Return False
        End If
        Return True
    End Function

    Sub Main()
        ' Use the window class name ("XLMAIN") to retrieve a handle to Excel's main window.
        ' Alternatively you can get the window handle via the process id:
        ' Dim hwnd As Integer = CInt(Process.GetProcessById(excelPid).MainWindowHandle);
        '
        Dim hwnd As Integer = CInt(FindWindow("XLMAIN", Nothing))

        If hwnd <> 0 Then
            Dim hwndChild As Integer = 0

            ' Search the accessible child window (it has class name "EXCEL7") 
            Dim cb As New EnumChildCallback(AddressOf EnumChildProc)
            EnumChildWindows(hwnd, cb, hwndChild)

            If hwndChild <> 0 Then
                ' We call AccessibleObjectFromWindow, passing the constant OBJID_NATIVEOM (defined in winuser.h) 
                ' and IID_IDispatch - we want an IDispatch pointer into the native object model.
                '
                Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As UInteger = &HFFFFFFF0&
                Dim IID_IDispatch As New Guid("{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}")
                Dim ptr As ExcelWindow

                Dim hr As Integer = AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hwndChild, OBJID_NATIVEOM, IID_IDispatch.ToByteArray(), ptr)

                If hr >= 0 Then
                    ' We successfully got a native OM IDispatch pointer, we can QI this for
                    ' an Excel Application using reflection (and using UILanguageHelper to 
                    ' fix http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;320369)
                    '
                    Using fixCrash As New UILanguageHelper
                        Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Excel version is: {0}", ptr.Application.Version))
                    End Using
                End If
            End If
        End If

    End Sub

End Module