C# 是否有异常概述？

Question

我想知道是否有包含所有异常类型的列表。我知道一些异常，但我并不了解所有异常。有时我抛出一个异常，然后我想，也许 .NET 已经有一个异常了。

例如，现在我需要一个表明进程不存在(如文件)的异常。

因此我的问题是:有人知道如何找到所有异常(exception)的列表吗？我没找到。

Answer 1

首先你必须了解什么是异常以及如何处理它。有一些资源可以帮助您理解这个主题。

1. “选择正确的异常类型来抛出”，作者:Krzysztof Cwalina。 Link

2. “如何设计异常层次结构”，作者 Krzysztof Cwalina。 Link

3. Chris Brumme 的异常模式。 Link

可能有帮助:

1. CLR 团队博客的“为什么捕获(异常)/空捕获不好”。 Link

2. “编写可靠的异常处理代码”，作者 Bil​​l Wagner。 http://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2007/06/01/write-robust-exceptionhandling-code.aspx

3. “C#:我们是否需要在 C# 中检查异常”Link

还有 Jeffrey Richter 在他的书 CLR via C# build exception hierarchy(p.430，第 19 章)中，最近他编写了一个程序来显示最终派生自 System.Exception 的所有类:

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public static class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Explicitly load the assemblies that we want to reflect over
        LoadAssemblies();
        // Initialize our counters and our exception type list
        Int32 totalPublicTypes = 0, totalExceptionTypes = 0;
        List<String> exceptionTree = new List<String>();
        // Iterate through all assemblies loaded in this AppDomain
        foreach (Assembly a in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
        {
            // Iterate through all types defined in this assembly
            foreach (Type t in a.GetExportedTypes())
            {
                totalPublicTypes++;
                // Ignore type if not a public class
                if (!t.IsClass || !t.IsPublic) continue;
                // Build a string of the type's derivation hierarchy
                StringBuilder typeHierarchy = new StringBuilder(t.FullName, 5000);
                // Assume that the type is not an Exception-derived type
                Boolean derivedFromException = false;
                // See if System.Exception is a base type of this type
                Type baseType = t.BaseType;
                while ((baseType != null) && !derivedFromException)
                {
                    // Append the base type to the end of the string
                    typeHierarchy.Append("-" + baseType);
                    derivedFromException = (baseType == typeof(System.Exception));
                    baseType = baseType.BaseType;
                }
                // No more bases and not Exception-derived, try next type
                if (!derivedFromException) continue;
                // We found an Exception-derived type
                totalExceptionTypes++;
                // For this Exception-derived type,
                // reverse the order of the types in the hierarchy
                String[] h = typeHierarchy.ToString().Split('-');
                Array.Reverse(h);
                // Build a new string with the hierarchy in order
                // from Exception -> Exception-derived type
                // Add the string to the list of Exception types
                exceptionTree.Add(String.Join("-", h, 1, h.Length - 1));
            }
        }
        // Sort the Exception types together in order of their hierarchy
        exceptionTree.Sort();
        // Display the Exception tree
        foreach (String s in exceptionTree)
        {
            // For this Exception type, split its base types apart
            string[] x = s.Split('-');
            // Indent based on the number of base types
            // and then show the most-derived type
            Console.WriteLine(new String(' ', 3 * x.Length) + x[x.Length - 1]);
        }
        // Show final status of the types considered
        Console.WriteLine("\n---> of {0} types, {1} are " +
        "derived from System.Exception.",
        totalPublicTypes, totalExceptionTypes);
    }
    private static void LoadAssemblies()
    {
        String[] assemblies = {
                "System, PublicKeyToken={0}",
                "System.Data, PublicKeyToken={0}",
                "System.Design, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.DirectoryServices, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Drawing, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Drawing.Design, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Management, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Messaging, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Runtime.Remoting, PublicKeyToken={0}",
                "System.Security, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.ServiceProcess, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Web, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Web.RegularExpressions, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Web.Services, PublicKeyToken={1}",
                "System.Windows.Forms, PublicKeyToken={0}",
                "System.Xml, PublicKeyToken={0}",
                };
        String EcmaPublicKeyToken = "b77a5c561934e089";
        String MSPublicKeyToken = "b03f5f7f11d50a3a";
        // Get the version of the assembly containing System.Object
        // We'll assume the same version for all the other assemblies
        Version version =
        typeof(System.Object).Assembly.GetName().Version;
        // Explicitly load the assemblies that we want to reflect over
        foreach (String a in assemblies)
        {
            String Assemblyldentity =
            String.Format(a, EcmaPublicKeyToken, MSPublicKeyToken) +
            ", Culture=neutral, Version=" + version;
            Assembly.Load(AssemblyIdentity);
        }
    }
}