c# - 透明窗口层，可点击并始终保持在顶部

Question

这是我尝试实现的一些代码。它的目的是创建一个透明的、全屏的、无边框的、可点击的并且总是在其他窗口之上的表单层。然后它允许您在其顶部使用 directx 进行绘制，否则保持透明。

不起作用的部分是点击部分和 directx 渲染。当我运行它时，我基本上在所有其他窗口前面都有一个看不见的力场，并且必须使用 alt-tab 切换到 visual studio 以快速按 ALT F5 并结束调试(因此至少总是在顶部和透明度有效)。我一直在试图弄清楚为什么这些部分不起作用，但我的新手 c# 技能让我失望了。希望有人能找出原因并提供修改。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Globalization;
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
using System.Threading;


namespace MinimapSpy
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{

    private Margins marg;

    //this is used to specify the boundaries of the transparent area
    internal struct Margins
    {
        public int Left, Right, Top, Bottom;
    }

    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]

    private static extern UInt32 GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]

    static extern int SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, IntPtr dwNewLong);

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]

    static extern bool SetLayeredWindowAttributes(IntPtr hwnd, uint crKey, byte bAlpha, uint dwFlags);

    public const int GWL_EXSTYLE = -20;

    public const int WS_EX_LAYERED = 0x80000;

    public const int WS_EX_TRANSPARENT = 0x20;

    public const int LWA_ALPHA = 0x2;

    public const int LWA_COLORKEY = 0x1;

    [DllImport("dwmapi.dll")]
    static extern void DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(IntPtr hWnd, ref Margins pMargins);

    private Device device = null;



    public Form1()
    {

        //Make the window's border completely transparant
        SetWindowLong(this.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE,
                (IntPtr)(GetWindowLong(this.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE) ^ WS_EX_LAYERED ^ WS_EX_TRANSPARENT));

        //Set the Alpha on the Whole Window to 255 (solid)
        SetLayeredWindowAttributes(this.Handle, 0, 255, LWA_ALPHA);

        //Init DirectX
        //This initializes the DirectX device. It needs to be done once.
        //The alpha channel in the backbuffer is critical.
        PresentParameters presentParameters = new PresentParameters();
        presentParameters.Windowed = true;
        presentParameters.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
        presentParameters.BackBufferFormat = Format.A8R8G8B8;

        this.device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this.Handle,
        CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing, presentParameters);


        Thread dx = new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.dxThread));
        dx.IsBackground = true;
        dx.Start();  
        InitializeComponent();

    }

   protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
   {
        //Create a margin (the whole form)
      marg.Left = 0;
     marg.Top = 0;
      marg.Right = this.Width;
      marg.Bottom = this.Height;

        //Expand the Aero Glass Effect Border to the WHOLE form.
        // since we have already had the border invisible we now
        // have a completely invisible window - apart from the DirectX
        // renders NOT in black.
     DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(this.Handle, ref marg);  

  }
    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }
    private void dxThread()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            //Place your update logic here
            device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
            device.RenderState.ZBufferEnable = false;
            device.RenderState.Lighting = false;
            device.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None;
            device.Transform.Projection = Matrix.OrthoOffCenterLH(0, this.Width, this.Height, 0, 0, 1);
            device.BeginScene();

            //Place your rendering logic here

            device.EndScene();
            //device.Present();
        }

        this.device.Dispose();
        Application.Exit();
    }  

}

Answer 1

这里有一个完善的完整示例代码，用于使窗口位于最顶部 - 点击 - 透明(= alpha 混合)。该示例制作了一个使用 DirectX 或实际上使用 XNA 4.0 呈现的旋转色轮，因为我相信 Microsoft 已经停止开发托管 directx 并支持今天的 XNA。

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;

namespace ClickThroughXNA
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        // Directx graphics device
        GraphicsDevice dev = null;        
        BasicEffect effect = null;     

        // Wheel vertexes
        VertexPositionColor[] v = new VertexPositionColor[100];

        // Wheel rotation
        float rot = 0;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;   
            Size = new System.Drawing.Size(500, 500);
            FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None;  // no borders

            TopMost = true;        // make the form always on top                     
            Visible = true;        // Important! if this isn't set, then the form is not shown at all

            // Set the form click-through
            int initialStyle = GetWindowLong(this.Handle, -20);
            SetWindowLong(this.Handle, -20, initialStyle | 0x80000 | 0x20);

            // Create device presentation parameters
            PresentationParameters p = new PresentationParameters();
            p.IsFullScreen = false;
            p.DeviceWindowHandle = this.Handle;
            p.BackBufferFormat = SurfaceFormat.Vector4;
            p.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.One;

            // Create XNA graphics device
            dev = new GraphicsDevice(GraphicsAdapter.DefaultAdapter, GraphicsProfile.Reach, p);

            // Init basic effect
            effect = new BasicEffect(dev);

            // Extend aero glass style on form init
            OnResize(null);
        }


        protected override void OnResize(EventArgs e)
        {
            int[] margins = new int[] { 0, 0, Width, Height };

            // Extend aero glass style to whole form
            DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(this.Handle, ref margins);  
        }


        protected override void OnPaintBackground(PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            // do nothing here to stop window normal background painting
        }


        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
        {                
            // Clear device with fully transparent black
            dev.Clear(new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color(0, 0, 0, 0.0f));

            // Rotate wheel a bit
            rot+=0.1f;

            // Make the wheel vertexes and colors for vertexes
            for (int i = 0; i < v.Length; i++)
            {                    
                if (i % 3 == 1)
                    v[i].Position = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Vector3((float)Math.Sin((i + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), (float)Math.Cos((i + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), 0);
                else if (i % 3 == 2)
                    v[i].Position = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Vector3((float)Math.Sin((i + 2 + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), (float)Math.Cos((i + 2 + rot) * (Math.PI * 2f / (float)v.Length)), 0);

                v[i].Color = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color(1 - (i / (float)v.Length), i / (float)v.Length, 0, i / (float)v.Length);
            }

            // Enable position colored vertex rendering
            effect.VertexColorEnabled = true;
            foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) pass.Apply();

            // Draw the primitives (the wheel)
            dev.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, v, 0, v.Length / 3, VertexPositionColor.VertexDeclaration);

            // Present the device contents into form
            dev.Present();

            // Redraw immediatily
            Invalidate();            
        }


        [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        static extern int GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        static extern int SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, int dwNewLong);

        [DllImport("dwmapi.dll")]
        static extern void DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(IntPtr hWnd, ref int[] pMargins);

    }
}