c# - 停止 TabControl 重新创建其子项

Question

我有一个绑定(bind)到 TabControl 的 View 模型的 IList。此 IList 在 TabControl 的生命周期内不会更改。

<TabControl ItemsSource="{Binding Tabs}" SelectedIndex="0" >
    <TabControl.ItemContainerStyle>
        <Style TargetType="TabItem">
            <Setter Property="Content" Value="{Binding}" />
        </Style>
    </TabControl.ItemContainerStyle>
</TabControl>

每个 View 模型都有一个 DataTemplate，它在 ResourceDictionary 中指定。

<DataTemplate TargetType={x:Type vm:MyViewModel}>
    <v:MyView/>
</DataTemplate>

DataTemplate 中指定的每个 View 都是资源密集型的，足以创建我宁愿每个 View 只创建一次，但是当我切换选项卡时，相关 View 的构造函数被调用。据我所知，这是 TabControl 的预期行为，但我不清楚调用构造函数的机制是什么。

我看过a similar question which uses UserControls但是那里提供的解决方案将要求我绑定(bind)到不受欢迎的观点。

Answer 1

默认情况下，TabControl 共享一个面板来呈现它的内容。要执行您想要的操作(以及许多其他 WPF 开发人员)，您需要像这样扩展 TabControl:

TabControlEx.cs

[TemplatePart(Name = "PART_ItemsHolder", Type = typeof(Panel))]
public class TabControlEx : TabControl
{
    private Panel ItemsHolderPanel = null;

    public TabControlEx()
        : base()
    {
        // This is necessary so that we get the initial databound selected item
        ItemContainerGenerator.StatusChanged += ItemContainerGenerator_StatusChanged;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// If containers are done, generate the selected item
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    private void ItemContainerGenerator_StatusChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (this.ItemContainerGenerator.Status == GeneratorStatus.ContainersGenerated)
        {
            this.ItemContainerGenerator.StatusChanged -= ItemContainerGenerator_StatusChanged;
            UpdateSelectedItem();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get the ItemsHolder and generate any children
    /// </summary>
    public override void OnApplyTemplate()
    {
        base.OnApplyTemplate();
        ItemsHolderPanel = GetTemplateChild("PART_ItemsHolder") as Panel;
        UpdateSelectedItem();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// When the items change we remove any generated panel children and add any new ones as necessary
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    protected override void OnItemsChanged(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnItemsChanged(e);

        if (ItemsHolderPanel == null)
            return;

        switch (e.Action)
        {
            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset:
                ItemsHolderPanel.Children.Clear();
                break;

            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
                if (e.OldItems != null)
                {
                    foreach (var item in e.OldItems)
                    {
                        ContentPresenter cp = FindChildContentPresenter(item);
                        if (cp != null)
                            ItemsHolderPanel.Children.Remove(cp);
                    }
                }

                // Don't do anything with new items because we don't want to
                // create visuals that aren't being shown

                UpdateSelectedItem();
                break;

            case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace:
                throw new NotImplementedException("Replace not implemented yet");
        }
    }

    protected override void OnSelectionChanged(SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnSelectionChanged(e);
        UpdateSelectedItem();
    }

    private void UpdateSelectedItem()
    {
        if (ItemsHolderPanel == null)
            return;

        // Generate a ContentPresenter if necessary
        TabItem item = GetSelectedTabItem();
        if (item != null)
            CreateChildContentPresenter(item);

        // show the right child
        foreach (ContentPresenter child in ItemsHolderPanel.Children)
            child.Visibility = ((child.Tag as TabItem).IsSelected) ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed;
    }

    private ContentPresenter CreateChildContentPresenter(object item)
    {
        if (item == null)
            return null;

        ContentPresenter cp = FindChildContentPresenter(item);

        if (cp != null)
            return cp;

        // the actual child to be added.  cp.Tag is a reference to the TabItem
        cp = new ContentPresenter();
        cp.Content = (item is TabItem) ? (item as TabItem).Content : item;
        cp.ContentTemplate = this.SelectedContentTemplate;
        cp.ContentTemplateSelector = this.SelectedContentTemplateSelector;
        cp.ContentStringFormat = this.SelectedContentStringFormat;
        cp.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
        cp.Tag = (item is TabItem) ? item : (this.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromItem(item));
        ItemsHolderPanel.Children.Add(cp);
        return cp;
    }

    private ContentPresenter FindChildContentPresenter(object data)
    {
        if (data is TabItem)
            data = (data as TabItem).Content;

        if (data == null)
            return null;

        if (ItemsHolderPanel == null)
            return null;

        foreach (ContentPresenter cp in ItemsHolderPanel.Children)
        {
            if (cp.Content == data)
                return cp;
        }

        return null;
    }

    protected TabItem GetSelectedTabItem()
    {
        object selectedItem = base.SelectedItem;
        if (selectedItem == null)
            return null;

        TabItem item = selectedItem as TabItem;
        if (item == null)
            item = base.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(base.SelectedIndex) as TabItem;

        return item;
    }
}

XAML

<Style TargetType="{x:Type controls:TabControlEx}">
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type TabControl}">
                <Grid Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" ClipToBounds="True" KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Local" SnapsToDevicePixels="True">
                    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                        <ColumnDefinition x:Name="ColumnDefinition0" />
                        <ColumnDefinition x:Name="ColumnDefinition1" Width="0" />
                    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                        <RowDefinition x:Name="RowDefinition0" Height="Auto" />
                        <RowDefinition x:Name="RowDefinition1" Height="*" />
                    </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                    <DockPanel Margin="2,2,0,0" LastChildFill="False">
                        <TabPanel x:Name="HeaderPanel" Margin="0,0,0,-1" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Panel.ZIndex="1" DockPanel.Dock="Right"
                                  IsItemsHost="True" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="1" />
                    </DockPanel>
                    <Border x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0"
                            Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                            BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                            BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
                            KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Contained" KeyboardNavigation.TabIndex="2" KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Local">
                        <Grid x:Name="PART_ItemsHolder" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                    </Border>
                </Grid>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>
</Style>

注意:我没有想出这个解决方案。它已在编程论坛中共享多年，并且相信它现在是其中一本 WPF 食谱书。我认为最古老或原始的来源是 PluralSight .NET blog post还有这个answer on StackOverflow .

HTH,