c# - ReSharper - 使用 Microsoft.Contracts 时可能的空分配

Question

有什么方法可以向 ReSharper 表明不会因为 Design-by-Contract Requires 检查而出现空引用？例如，以下代码将在 ReSharper 的第 7 行和第 8 行发出警告(Possible 'null' assignment to entity marked with 'NotNull' attribute):

private Dictionary<string, string> _Lookup = new Dictionary<string, string>();

public void Foo(string s)
{
    Contract.Requires(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(s));

    if (_Lookup.ContainsKey(s))
        _Lookup.Remove(s);
}

真正奇怪的是，如果您删除 Contract.Requires(...) 行，ReSharper 消息就会消失。

更新

我通过 ExternalAnnotations 找到了解决方案，Mike 在下面也提到了这一点。以下是如何为 Microsoft.Contracts 中的函数执行此操作的示例:

• 在 ExternalAnnotations ReSharper 目录下创建一个名为 Microsoft.Contracts 的目录。
• 接下来，创建一个名为 Microsoft.Contracts.xml 的文件并像这样填充:

<assembly name="Microsoft.Contracts">
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Requires(System.Boolean)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
</assembly>

• 重新启动 Visual Studio，消息消失!

Answer 1

注意:从当前的 R# 8.0 EAP 开始，包含此功能。

---

这是当前(即 .NET 4.0)版本的代码契约的解决方案:

在 ...\ExternalAnnotations\mscorlib\Contracts.xml 中，添加以下内容:

<assembly name="mscorlib">
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Assert(System.Boolean)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Assert(System.Boolean, System.String)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Assume(System.Boolean)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Assume(System.Boolean, System.String)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Requires(System.Boolean)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Requires``1(System.Boolean)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Requires(System.Boolean,System.String)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Requires``1(System.Boolean,System.String)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Invariant(System.Boolean)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
    <member name="M:System.Diagnostics.Contracts.Contract.Invariant(System.Boolean,System.String)">
        <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionMethodAttribute.#ctor"/>
        <parameter name="condition">
            <attribute ctor="M:JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionAttribute.#ctor(JetBrains.Annotations.AssertionConditionType)">
                <argument>0</argument>
            </attribute>
        </parameter>
    </member>
</assembly>