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go - 为什么我的 Rust 程序比执行相同的按位和 I/O 操作的 Go 程序慢 4 倍?

转载 作者:IT王子 更新时间:2023-10-29 02:29:45 27 4
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我有一个 Rust 程序,它实现了对 64 位无符号整数的强力奇偶校验:

use std::io;
use std::io::BufRead;

fn parity(mut num: u64) -> u8 {
let mut result: u8 = 0;
while num > 0 {
result = result ^ (num & 1) as u8;
num = num >> 1;
}
result
}

fn main() {
let stdin = io::stdin();
let mut num: u64;
let mut it = stdin.lock().lines();
// skip 1st line with number of test cases
it.next();
for line in it {
num = line.unwrap().parse().unwrap();
println!("{}", parity(num));
}
}

当我向它提供包含 1000000 个无符号整数的输入文件时:

$ rustc parity.rs
$ time cat input.txt | ./parity &> /dev/null
cat input.txt 0.00s user 0.02s system 0% cpu 4.178 total
./parity &> /dev/null 3.87s user 0.32s system 99% cpu 4.195 total

令人惊讶的是——在 Go 中实际上相同的程序执行速度快 4 倍:

$ go build parity.go
$ time cat input.txt | ./parity &> /dev/null
cat input.txt 0.00s user 0.03s system 3% cpu 0.952 total
./parity &> /dev/null 0.63s user 0.32s system 99% cpu 0.955 total

这是 Go 中的代码:

package main

import (
"bufio"
"fmt"
"os"
"strconv"
)

func parity(line string) uint64 {
var parity uint64
u, err := strconv.ParseUint(line, 10, 64)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
for u > 0 {
parity ^= u & 1
u >>= 1
}
return parity
}

func main() {
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
// skip line with number of cases
if !scanner.Scan() {
// panic if there's no number of test cases
panic("missing number of test cases")
}
for scanner.Scan() {
fmt.Println(parity(scanner.Text()))
}
if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "reading standard input:", err)
}
}

版本:

$ rustc --version
rustc 1.7.0
$ go version
go version go1.6 darwin/amd64

输入文件示例,第一行包含文件中输入值的数量:

8
7727369244898783789
2444477357490019411
4038350233697550492
8106226119927945594
1538904728446207070
0
1
18446744073709551615

为什么我编写的 Rust 和 Go 程序在性能上有如此显着的差异?在这种情况下,我预计 Rust 会比 Go 快一点。我的 Rust 代码有问题吗?

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