go - 将整数 slice append 到整数 slice 的 slice 会修改被 append 的 slice

Question

我正在尝试将整数 slice append 到由整数 slice 组成的 slice 。当我打印 slice 时，它按预期显示。但是，当我将 slice append 到一片 slice 时，内容会发生变化。

package main

import "fmt"

var myGraph [8][8]bool //the graph

var visited [8]bool //an array that marks if visited

var path []int //a slice to store a possible path

var paths [][]int

func dfs(src int, dest int) {
    //add current node to path
    path = append(path, src)

    //mark current node as visited
    visited[src] = true

    //if the current node is the destination
    //print the path and return
    if src == dest {
        fmt.Println(path)
        paths = append(paths, path) //I'm trying to push the path slice into the paths slice
        return
    }

    for i := 1; i <= 7; i++ { //loop through all nodes

        //if ith node is a neighbour of the current node and it is not visited
        if myGraph[src][i] && visited[i] == false {

            // call dfs on the current node
            dfs(i, dest)

            //mark the current node as unvisited
            //so that we can other paths to the final destination
            visited[i] = false

            //re-slice the slice - get rid of the current node
            path = path[:len(path)-1]
        }

    }

}

func main() {
    path = make([]int, 0, 8)
    paths = make([][]int, 0, 10)

    //creating the graph
    myGraph[1] = [...]bool{false, false, true, true, false, false, true, false}
    myGraph[2] = [...]bool{false, true, false, true, false, true, false, false}
    myGraph[3] = [...]bool{false, true, true, false, true, false, true, false}
    myGraph[4] = [...]bool{false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false}
    myGraph[5] = [...]bool{false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false}
    myGraph[6] = [...]bool{false, true, false, true, true, false, false, true}
    myGraph[7] = [...]bool{false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false}

    //call dfs by feeding in the source and the destination
    dfs(1, 7)
    fmt.Println(paths)
}

Output:
[1 2 5 6 7]
[1 3 2 5 6 7]
[1 3 4 6 7]
[1 3 6 7]
[1 6 7]
[[1 6 7 3 2 5] [1 6 7 3 2] [1 6 7 3 2] [1 6 7 3 2 5] [1 6 7 3 2] [1 6 7 3] [1 6 7]]

如您所见， slice 的 slice 由 main 函数在末尾打印。但是，它的内容与 dfs() 打印的各个切​​片不同。

Answer 1

让我们稍微修改一下这段代码:

var myGraph [8][8]bool //the graph

var visited [8]bool //an array that marks if visited

var path []int //a slice to store a possible path

var paths [][]int

func dfs(src int, dest int) {
    //add current node to path
    path = append(path, src)

    //mark current node as visited
    visited[src] = true

    //if the current node is the destination
    //print the path and return
    if src == dest {
        // (A)
        buffer := make([]int, len(path))
        copy(buffer, path)

        fmt.Println(buffer)
        paths = append(paths, buffer) //I'm trying to push the path slice into the paths slice

        // fmt.Println(path)
        // paths = append(paths, path) //I'm trying to push the path slice into the paths slice
        return
    }

    for i := 1; i <= 7; i++ { //loop through all nodes

        //if ith node is a neighbour of the current node and it is not visited
        if myGraph[src][i] && visited[i] == false {

            // call dfs on the current node
            dfs(i, dest)

            //mark the current node as unvisited
            //so that we can other paths to the final destination
            visited[i] = false

            //re-slice the slice - get rid of the current node
            path = path[:len(path)-1]
        }

    }

}

func main1() {
    // path = make([]int, 0, 8)
    // paths = make([][]int, 0, 10)

    //creating the graph
    myGraph[1] = [...]bool{false, false, true, true, false, false, true, false}
    myGraph[2] = [...]bool{false, true, false, true, false, true, false, false}
    myGraph[3] = [...]bool{false, true, true, false, true, false, true, false}
    myGraph[4] = [...]bool{false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false}
    myGraph[5] = [...]bool{false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false}
    myGraph[6] = [...]bool{false, true, false, true, true, false, false, true}
    myGraph[7] = [...]bool{false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false}

    //call dfs by feeding in the source and the destination
    dfs(1, 7)
    fmt.Println(paths)
}

现在它按预期工作了!为什么？因为 slice 是引用类型，不是值类型；意味着当您稍后更改 path 时，您将看到该新值，除非您像在 //(A) 中那样对其进行快照。