c++ - 即使还有足够的内存，内存分配也失败

Question

我在 Linux(正好是 ubuntu 13.04)上工作，目前我有一个问题:为什么即使内存仍然足够，内存分配也会失败？

我今天写了一个简单的测试应用程序，在运行这个测试应用程序时遇到了这个问题。下面是我用来测试的代码片段:

     #include <stdio.h>
     #include <unistd.h>
     #include <list>
     #include <vector>
     #include <strings.h>

     using namespace std;
     unsigned short calcrc(unsigned char *ptr, int count)
     {
        unsigned short crc;
        unsigned char i;

        //high cpu-consumption code
        //implements CRC algorithm: Cylic 
        //Redundancy code              
     }


     void* CreateChild(void* param){
         vector<unsigned char*>  MemoryVector;
         pid_t PID = fork();
         if (PID == 0){
             const int MEMORY_TO_ALLOC =  1024 * 1024;
             unsigned char* buffer = NULL;
             while(1){
                 buffer  = NULL;
                 try{
                     buffer = new unsigned char [MEMORY_TO_ALLOC]();
                     calcrc(buffer, MEMORY_TO_ALLOC );
                     MemoryVector.push_back(buffer);
                 } catch(...){
                     printf("an exception was thrown!\n");
                     continue;
                 } //try ... catch
             } //while  
          } // if pid == 0

      return NULL;
      }

    int main(){
        int children = 4;
        while(--children >= 0){
            CreateChild(NULL);
        };

        while(1) sleep(3600);
        return 0;
    }

在我的测试中，当有大约 220M RAM 可用 时，上述代码开始抛出异常。从现在开始，应用程序似乎无法再获得更多内存因为 TOP 命令显示的空闲内存仍然在 210M 以上。那为什么会这样呢？

更新
1.软硬件信息
RAM 为 4G，交换空间约为 9G 字节。运行“uname -a”给出:Linux steve-ThinkPad-T410 3.8.0-30-generic#44-Ubuntu SMP Thu Aug 22 20:54:42 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux< br/>2.测试期间的统计数据

      Right after Test App Starts Throwing Exception
      steve@steve-ThinkPad-T410:~$ free
                    total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
       Mem:       3989340    3763292     226048          0       2548      79728
       -/+ buffers/cache:    3681016     308324
       Swap:      9760764    9432896     327868

      10 minutes after Test App Starts Throwing Exception
      steve@steve-ThinkPad-T410:~$ free
                    total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
       Mem:       3989340    3770808     218532          0       3420      80632
       -/+ buffers/cache:    3686756     302584
       Swap:      9760764    9436168     324596


      20 minutes after Test App Starts Throwing Exception
      steve@steve-ThinkPad-T410:~$ free
                    total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
       Mem:       3989340    3770960     218380          0       4376     104716
       -/+ buffers/cache:    3661868     327472
       Swap:      9760764    9535700     225064

      40 minutes after Test App Starts Throwing Exception
      steve@steve-ThinkPad-T410:~$ free
                    total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
       Mem:       3989340    3739168     250172          0       2272     139108
       -/+ buffers/cache:    3597788     391552
       Swap:      9760764    9556292     204472

Answer 1

可能是您的地址空间中没有更多的 1MB 连续内存页。您有可用空间碎片。