ubuntu : vmlinuz or crash file not a supported file format 上的崩溃转储

Question

我正在尝试使用 crash 实用程序分析我的 ubuntu 机器上的故障转储，如下所示

$ sudo crash /boot/System.map-3.2.0-23-generic-pae /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae _usr_sbin_ietd.0.crash

但它返回错误为

crash: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae: not a supported file format

根据崩溃实用程序语法，我已正确提供参数

crash <system-map-file> <vmlinux-file> coredump

我在这里做错了什么？

更新:

启动目录中的 vmlinuz 文件似乎是 bzimage 压缩的

$ file vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae 
vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae: Linux kernel x86 boot executable bzImage, version 3.2.0-23-generic-pae (buildd@palmer) #36-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 10 , RO-rootFS, swap_dev 0x4, Normal VGA
$ 

Answer 1

根据@lurker 的评论vmlinuz 已压缩，可以使用以下命令解压缩(来自 Extract vmlinux from vmlinuz or bzImage )

$ sudo dd if=vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae skip=`grep -a -b -o -m 1 -P '\x1f\x8b\x08\x00' vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae| cut -d: -f 1` bs=1 | zcat > /tmp/vmlinux
    4998324+0 records in
    4998324+0 records out
    4998324 bytes (5.0 MB) copied, 201.859 s, 24.8 kB/s

    gzip: stdin: decompression OK, trailing garbage ignored

现在出错了

崩溃:/var/crash/_usr_sbin_ietd.0.crash:不是受支持的文件格式

我们还需要使用 apport-unpack 从崩溃报告中提取核心转储文件，如下所示 ( from here )

@ubuntu:/tmp$ sudo apport-unpack 
Usage: /usr/bin/apport-unpack <report> <target directory>

@ubuntu:/tmp$ sudo apport-unpack /var/crash/_usr_sbin_ietd.0.crash /var/crash/
ERROR: Destination directory exists and is not empty.
@ubuntu:/tmp$ 

@ubuntu:/tmp$ sudo mkdir coretest

@ubuntu:/tmp$ sudo apport-unpack /var/crash/_usr_sbin_ietd.0.crash /tmp/coretest/
@ubuntu:/tmp$ cd coretest/
@ubuntu:/tmp/coretest$ 

@ubuntu:/tmp/coretest$ ls
Architecture  Date           ExecutablePath       ProblemType  ProcCwd      ProcMaps    Signal  UserGroups
CoreDump      DistroRelease  ExecutableTimestamp  ProcCmdline  ProcEnviron  ProcStatus  Uname

@ubuntu:/tmp/coretest$ ls -lt
total 384
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      4 May 29 00:13 Architecture
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     24 May 29 00:13 Date
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     12 May 29 00:13 DistroRelease
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     10 May 29 00:13 ExecutableTimestamp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 339968 May 29 00:13 CoreDump
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      5 May 29 00:13 ProblemType
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     66 May 29 00:13 ProcEnviron
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    969 May 29 00:13 ProcMaps
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    737 May 29 00:13 ProcStatus
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      2 May 29 00:13 Signal
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     31 May 29 00:13 Uname
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     14 May 29 00:13 ExecutablePath
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     14 May 29 00:13 ProcCmdline
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      1 May 29 00:13 ProcCwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 May 29 00:13 UserGroups
@ubuntu:/tmp/coretest$ cd CoreDump
bash: cd: CoreDump: Not a directory
@ubuntu:/tmp/coretest$ sudo crash /tmp/vmlinux /boot/System.map-3.2.0-23-generic-pae /tmp/coretest/CoreDump 

crash 6.1.6
Copyright (C) 2002-2013  Red Hat, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2010  IBM Corporation
Copyright (C) 1999-2006  Hewlett-Packard Co
Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012  Fujitsu Limited
Copyright (C) 2006, 2007  VA Linux Systems Japan K.K.
Copyright (C) 2005, 2011  NEC Corporation
Copyright (C) 1999, 2002, 2007  Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002  Mission Critical Linux, Inc.
This program is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License,
and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under
certain conditions.  Enter "help copying" to see the conditions.
This program has absolutely no warranty.  Enter "help warranty" for details.

GNU gdb (GDB) 7.3.1
Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu"...

crash: /tmp/vmlinux: no debugging data available

@ubuntu:/tmp/coretest$ 

对于“没有可用的调试数据”，需要根据 this link 安装一些调试信息包(程序名-dbg 或程序名-dbgsym)还有这个one

问题https://askubuntu.com/questions/197016/how-to-install-a-package-that-contains-ubuntu-kernel-debug-symbols中提到了为内核下载调试信息包的步骤

但是，添加 GPG key 的步骤(如下所示)对于下载工作至关重要

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys ECDCAD72428D7C01

您应该收到消息

public key "Ubuntu Debug Symbol Archive Automatic Signing Key " imported

而不是“未更改”状态。如果在此步骤中显示“未更改”，则您将无法下载调试信息包。

在这种情况下，请尝试使用 http 80 端口导入 GPG key (here)

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10