python - tensorflow : Ran out of memory trying to allocate

Question

我正在运行 Tensor Flow 版本 0.7.1，支持 64 位 GPU，使用 pip 安装，并且在装有 Ubuntu 14.04 的 PC 上运行。我的问题是在构建网络时 Tensor Flow 内存不足，即使根据我的计算，我的 GPU 上应该有足够的空间。

下面是我的代码的最小示例，它基于 Tensor Flow MNIST 教程。该网络是一个两层全连接网络，隐藏层的节点数由变量 n 定义。训练小批量的大小为 1。这是我的代码:

n = 23000

mnist = read_data_sets('MINST_Data', one_hot=True)
session = tf.InteractiveSession()
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
W1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([784, n], stddev=0.1))
b1 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[n]))
nn1 = tf.matmul(x, W1) + b1
W2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([n, 10], stddev=0.1))
b2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[10]))
nn2 = tf.matmul(nn1, W2) + b2
y = tf.nn.softmax(nn2)
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])
cross_entropy = -tf.reduce_sum(y_*tf.log(y))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1), tf.argmax(y_,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))

init = tf.initialize_all_variables()
sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(init)
for i in range(1000):
  batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(1)
  sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y_: batch_ys})

现在，如果 n <= 22000 ，那么网络运行良好。但是，如果 n >= 23000 ，我会收到以下错误:

W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:211] Ran out of memory trying to allocate 877.38MiB.  See logs for memory state
W tensorflow/core/kernels/cwise_ops_common.cc:56] Resource exhausted: OOM when allocating tensor with shape[10000,23000]

但是，根据我的计算，内存应该没有问题。网络中的参数个数如下:

First layer weights: 784 * n
First layer biases: n
Second layer weights: 10 * n
Second layer biases: 10
Total: 795n + 10

因此，使用 n = 23000 并使用 float32 数据，网络所需的总内存因此应为 73.1 MB。

现在，我的显卡是 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 780 Ti，它有 3072 MB 内存。找到我的显卡后，Tensor Flow 打印出以下内容:

Total memory: 3.00GiB
Free memory: 2.32GiB

因此，应该有大约 2.32 GB 的可用内存，远远大于上面计算的 73.1 MB。小批量大小为 1，因此影响很小。为什么会出现此错误？

---

我现在也在配备 NVida GeForce GTX 880M GPU 的笔记本电脑上进行了尝试。在这里，Tensor Flow 读出 Free memory: 7.60GiB 。运行与上面相同的代码，它在 n = 700,000 附近给我一个内存错误，相当于 2.2 GB。这更有意义，并且明显高于我的 PC 代码中断的点。但是，我仍然很困惑为什么它没有突破到更接近 7.6 GB 的大关。

---

使用 n = 23000 在我的 PC 上运行上述代码时，Tensor Flow 的完整输出是:

I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:900] successful NUMA node read from SysFS had negative value (-1), but there must be at least one NUMA node, so returning NUMA node zero
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_init.cc:102] Found device 0 with properties: 
name: GeForce GTX 780 Ti
major: 3 minor: 5 memoryClockRate (GHz) 1.0455
pciBusID 0000:01:00.0
Total memory: 3.00GiB
Free memory: 2.32GiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_init.cc:126] DMA: 0 
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_init.cc:136] 0:   Y 
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:717] Creating TensorFlow device (/gpu:0) -> (device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 780 Ti, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0)
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 1.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 2.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 4.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 8.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 16.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 32.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 64.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 128.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 256.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 512.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 1.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 2.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 4.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 8.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 16.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 32.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 64.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 128.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 256.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 512.00MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 1.00GiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 2.00GiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:51] Creating bin of max chunk size 4.00GiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:717] Creating TensorFlow device (/gpu:0) -> (device: 0, name: GeForce GTX 780 Ti, pci bus id: 0000:01:00.0)
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:73] Allocating 2.03GiB bytes.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:83] GPU 0 memory begins at 0xb04720000 extends to 0xb86295000
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (256):   Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (1024):  Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (2048):  Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (4096):  Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (8192):  Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (16384):     Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (32768):     Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (65536):     Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (131072):    Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (262144):    Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (524288):    Total Chunks: 2, Chunks in use: 0 819.0KiB allocated for chunks. 390.6KiB client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (1048576):   Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (2097152):   Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (4194304):   Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (8388608):   Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (16777216):  Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (33554432):  Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (67108864):  Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (134217728):     Total Chunks: 1, Chunks in use: 0 68.79MiB allocated for chunks. 29.91MiB client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (268435456):     Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (536870912):     Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (1073741824):    Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (2147483648):    Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:431] Bin (4294967296):    Total Chunks: 0, Chunks in use: 0 0B allocated for chunks. 0B client-requested for chunks. 0B in use in bin. 0B client-requested in use in bin.
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:450] Bin for 877.38MiB was 1.00GiB, Chunk State: 
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d239400 of size 80128
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d1d7600 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d24cd00 of size 438528
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d1d7500 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb1a3e3200 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb1a302800 of size 920064
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb15d58800 of size 920064
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb08cf7500 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb04736b00 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d2b7f00 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb15e39200 of size 72128000
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb08c16b00 of size 920064
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb15c61500 of size 92160
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb04736d00 of size 72128000
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d2b8100 of size 72128000
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb15c4ad00 of size 92160
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb04736a00 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d2b7e00 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d1d7900 of size 400128
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb04720200 of size 92160
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb04736c00 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb08cf7600 of size 72128000
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb1a3e3300 of size 1810570496
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d1c0c00 of size 92160
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb08c00300 of size 92160
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d2b8000 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d1d7800 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb04720100 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d1d7700 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb04720000 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb0d1d7400 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb11781700 of size 72128000
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb15c77d00 of size 256
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:465] Chunk at 0xb15c77e00 of size 920064
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:468]      Summary of in-use Chunks by size: 
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 16 Chunks of size 256 totalling 4.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 1 Chunks of size 80128 totalling 78.2KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 5 Chunks of size 92160 totalling 450.0KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 1 Chunks of size 400128 totalling 390.8KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 1 Chunks of size 438528 totalling 428.2KiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 4 Chunks of size 920064 totalling 3.51MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 5 Chunks of size 72128000 totalling 343.93MiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:471] 1 Chunks of size 1810570496 totalling 1.69GiB
I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:475] Sum Total of in-use chunks: 2.03GiB
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_bfc_allocator.cc:211] Ran out of memory trying to allocate 877.38MiB.  See logs for memory state
W tensorflow/core/kernels/cwise_ops_common.cc:56] Resource exhausted: OOM when allocating tensor with shape[10000,23000]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x50f40e0 Compute status: Resource exhausted: OOM when allocating tensor with shape[10000,23000]
     [[Node: add = Add[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/gpu:0"](MatMul, Variable_1/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x3234d30 Compute status: Resource exhausted: OOM when allocating tensor with shape[10000,23000]
     [[Node: add = Add[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/gpu:0"](MatMul, Variable_1/read)]]
     [[Node: range_1/_13 = _Recv[client_terminated=false, recv_device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0", send_device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/gpu:0", send_device_incarnation=1, tensor_name="edge_97_range_1", tensor_type=DT_INT32, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x3234d30 Compute status: Resource exhausted: OOM when allocating tensor with shape[10000,23000]
     [[Node: add = Add[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/gpu:0"](MatMul, Variable_1/read)]]
     [[Node: Cast/_11 = _Recv[client_terminated=false, recv_device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0", send_device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/gpu:0", send_device_incarnation=1, tensor_name="edge_96_Cast", tensor_type=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jrowlay/Projects/Tensor_Flow_Tutorial/MNIST_CNN_Simple/memory_test.py", line 232, in <module>
    print(sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels}))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 315, in run
    return self._run(None, fetches, feed_dict)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 511, in _run
    feed_dict_string)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 564, in _do_run
    target_list)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 586, in _do_call
    e.code)
tensorflow.python.framework.errors.ResourceExhaustedError: OOM when allocating tensor with shape[10000,23000]
     [[Node: add = Add[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/gpu:0"](MatMul, Variable_1/read)]]
     [[Node: range_1/_13 = _Recv[client_terminated=false, recv_device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0", send_device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/gpu:0", send_device_incarnation=1, tensor_name="edge_97_range_1", tensor_type=DT_INT32, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
Caused by op u'add', defined at:
  File "/home/jrowlay/Projects/Tensor_Flow_Tutorial/MNIST_CNN_Simple/memory_test.py", line 215, in <module>
    nn1 = tf.matmul(x, W1) + b1
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/math_ops.py", line 468, in binary_op_wrapper
    return func(x, y, name=name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/gen_math_ops.py", line 44, in add
    return _op_def_lib.apply_op("Add", x=x, y=y, name=name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/op_def_library.py", line 655, in apply_op
    op_def=op_def)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 2040, in create_op
    original_op=self._default_original_op, op_def=op_def)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 1087, in __init__
    self._traceback = _extract_stack()

Answer 1

从错误来看，tensorflow OOM'ed 试图分配一个 [10000, 23000] 大小的张量。鉴于 10,000 恰好是 MNIST 测试集中通常的示例数量，我将假设您有一些评估代码尝试一次评估整个测试集。对于您需要 10000 * (784 + n + 10) ~= 1GB 的激活，这本身不足以 OOM。但是由于某种原因，还分配了 1.7GB 的张量，这很难解释。

对于笔记本电脑上的案例，您在计算中遗漏了一些变量。亚当 tracks the first and second moments for each variable所以 2.2GB 三倍变成 6.6GB。为将在内存中的渐变添加一些开销，从而解释 OOM。

很抱歉，这并不能完全回答您的问题，我会将此作为评论添加，但我还没有这方面的声誉。