android - com.android.tools.r8.errors.CompilationError : Program type already present: androidx. annotation.AnimRes

Question

我正在尝试重建我用 kotlin 编写的项目，但它一直因错误而失败

Program type already present: androidx.annotation.AnimRes

我试过了

• 缓存失效

• 清理和重建

• 使用 ./gradlew build --stacktrace --info 命令

但没有成功。

异常(exception)是

org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException: Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithMultidexlistForDebug'

堆栈跟踪是

Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: Error while generating the main dex list.
        at com.android.builder.profile.Recorder$Block.handleException(Recorder.java:55)
        at com.android.builder.profile.ThreadRecorder.record(ThreadRecorder.java:104)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask.transform(TransformTask.java:230)
        at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:73)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.IncrementalTaskAction.doExecute(IncrementalTaskAction.java:50)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:39)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:26)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$1.run(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:131)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:300)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:292)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:174)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:90)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.run(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:31)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:120)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:99)
        ... 111 more
Caused by: com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: Error while generating the main dex list.
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.D8MainDexListTransform.transform(D8MainDexListTransform.kt:143)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask$2.call(TransformTask.java:239)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.pipeline.TransformTask$2.call(TransformTask.java:235)
        at com.android.builder.profile.ThreadRecorder.record(ThreadRecorder.java:102)
        ... 124 more
Caused by: com.android.builder.multidex.D8MainDexList$MainDexListException: com.android.tools.r8.errors.CompilationError: Program type already present: androidx.annotation.AnimRes
        at com.android.builder.multidex.D8MainDexList.generate(D8MainDexList.java:87)
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.D8MainDexListTransform.transform(D8MainDexListTransform.kt:128)
        ... 127 more
Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.errors.CompilationError: Program type already present: androidx.annotation.AnimRes
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ProgramClassCollection.resolveClassConflictImpl(ProgramClassCollection.java:64)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ProgramClassCollection.lambda$create$0(ProgramClassCollection.java:25)
        at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ProgramClassCollection.create(ProgramClassCollection.java:24)
        at com.android.tools.r8.graph.LazyLoadedDexApplication$Builder.build(LazyLoadedDexApplication.java:124)
        at com.android.tools.r8.dex.ApplicationReader.read(ApplicationReader.java:123)
        at com.android.tools.r8.dex.ApplicationReader.read(ApplicationReader.java:86)
        at com.android.tools.r8.GenerateMainDexList.run(GenerateMainDexList.java:41)
        at com.android.tools.r8.GenerateMainDexList.run(GenerateMainDexList.java:111)
        at com.android.builder.multidex.D8MainDexList.generate(D8MainDexList.java:83)
        ... 128 more

我的应用的 build.gradle 是

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'
apply plugin: 'realm-android'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 28
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.my.app.id"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 28
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        multiDexEnabled true
        vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        renderscriptTargetApi 19
        renderscriptSupportModeEnabled true
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    dataBinding {
        enabled true
    }
    buildToolsVersion '28.0.2'
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')

    //kotlin
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:$kotlin_version"

    //support
    implementation "androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:$androidX"
    implementation "androidx.appcompat:appcompat:$androidX"
    implementation "androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.2"
    implementation "androidx.multidex:multidex:2.0.0"
    implementation "androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:$androidX"
    implementation "androidx.vectordrawable:vectordrawable:$androidX"
    implementation "androidx.cardview:cardview:$androidX"
    implementation "androidx.palette:palette:$androidX"
    implementation "com.google.android.material:material:$androidX"

    //architecture
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:$architectureVersion"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:$architectureVersionExt"
    implementation "androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:$androidX"
    kapt "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-compiler:$architectureVersion"

    //data binding
    //kapt "androidx.databinding:databinding-compiler:3.3.0-alpha04"

    //glide
    //kapt "com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:$glideVersion"
    //implementation "com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:$glideVersion"
    implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.8.0-SNAPSHOT'
    implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:okhttp-integration:4.8.0-SNAPSHOT'

    //dagger
    implementation "com.google.dagger:dagger:$daggerVersion"
    kapt "com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:$daggerVersion"
    implementation "com.google.dagger:dagger-android:$daggerVersion"
    implementation "com.google.dagger:dagger-android-support:$daggerVersion"

    // if you use the support libraries
    kapt "com.google.dagger:dagger-android-processor:$daggerVersion"

    //reactiveX
    implementation "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:$rxandroidVersion"
    implementation "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:$rxjavaVersion"
    implementation "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxkotlin:$rxKotlinVersion"

    //
    implementation "com.jakewharton.rxbinding2:rxbinding:$rxBinding"
    implementation "com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions2:rxpermissions:$rxPermissions"

    //ucrop
    implementation "com.github.yalantis:ucrop:$uCrop"

    //other libraries
    implementation "com.google.code.gson:gson:$gson"
    implementation "com.googlecode.libphonenumber:libphonenumber:$phoneLibVersion"

    //map and places
    implementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-places:$mapVersion"
    implementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:$mapVersion"

    //
    implementation 'com.budiyev.android:circular-progress-bar:1.2.0'

    //retrofit
    implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofit"
    implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:$retrofit"
    implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:$retrofit"
    debugImplementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:$okhttpVersion"
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.test:runner:$androidX"
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.0-alpha4'
}

项目的 build.gradle

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.2.61'
    ext.realmVersion ='5.4.2'
    repositories {
        jcenter()
        maven {
            name 'glide-snapshot'
            url 'http://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots'
        }
        google()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.3.0-alpha07'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath "io.realm:realm-gradle-plugin:$realmVersion"
        //classpath 'com.github.dcendents:android-maven-gradle-plugin:2.0'
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
        maven {
            url "https://maven.google.com"
        }
        maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
        maven {
            name 'glide-snapshot'
            url 'http://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots'
        }
        google()
    }

    gradle.projectsEvaluated {
        tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
            options.compilerArgs << "-Xmaxerrs" << "1000"
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Configure common tasks on all the submodules
 */
allprojects { project ->

    // Get versions, this is where we store things
    // like the list of submodules or the version
    project.apply from: "$rootDir/versions.gradle"
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

Answer 1

在苦苦挣扎并四处寻求帮助后，我发现 ./gradlew app:dependencies 命令提供了重要的输出来解决错误。

首先报错是Program type already present: androidx.annotation.AnimRes

程序类型已经存在表示存在命名冲突，在这种情况下是androidx.annotation库，被多个库使用。即其他库包含androidx.annotation库 作为传递依赖。要查看这个库，我从项目的根文件夹(我的操作系统是 Ubuntu)打开终端并运行 ./gradlew app:dependencies 命令。它产生了一长串配置及其依赖关系。以下是摘录。

debugCompileClasspath - Resolved configuration for compilation for variant: debug

+--- androidx.databinding:databinding-common:3.3.0-alpha07
+--- androidx.databinding:databinding-runtime:3.3.0-alpha07
|    +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:2.0.0-alpha1 -> 2.0.0-rc01
|    |    +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common:2.0.0-rc01
|    |    |    \--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-rc01 -> 1.0.0-rc02
|    |    +--- androidx.arch.core:core-common:2.0.0-rc01
|    |    |    \--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-rc01 -> 1.0.0-rc02
|    |    \--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-rc01 -> 1.0.0-rc02
|    +--- androidx.collection:collection:1.0.0-alpha1 -> 1.0.0-rc02
|    |    \--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-rc02
|    \--- androidx.databinding:databinding-common:3.3.0-alpha07
+--- androidx.databinding:databinding-adapters:3.3.0-alpha07
|    +--- androidx.databinding:databinding-common:3.3.0-alpha07
|    \--- androidx.databinding:databinding-runtime:3.3.0-alpha07 (*)

上面的摘录显示了 debugCompileClasspath 配置的一些依赖关系。我们可以看到 androidx.databinding:databinding-runtime:3.3.0-alpha07 包含 androidx .annotation:annotation:1.0.0-rc02 作为传递依赖。

它还包含 androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:2.0.0-alpha1，而后者又包含 androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-rc01。

androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-rc01 -> 1.0.0-rc02 表示将使用版本 1.0.0-rc02 代替版本 1.0.0-rc01 .

下面是 ./gradlew app:dependencies

生成的相同长输出的另一个摘录

kapt
+--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-compiler:2.0.0-alpha1
|    +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common:2.0.0-alpha1
|    |    \--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-alpha1
|    +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.2.41
|    |    \--- org.jetbrains:annotations:13.0
|    +--- com.google.auto:auto-common:0.6
|    |    \--- com.google.guava:guava:18.0 -> 23.3-jre
|    |         +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9
|    |         +--- com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.0.18
|    |         +--- com.google.j2objc:j2objc-annotations:1.1
|    |         \--- org.codehaus.mojo:animal-sniffer-annotations:1.14
|    \--- com.squareup:javapoet:1.8.0

从上面我们可以看出，androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-compiler:2.0.0-alpha1包含androidx的1.0.0-alpha1版本.annotation:注解

这意味着最后，我的模块 app 将有两个版本 1.0.0-alpha1 和 1.0.0-rc02 这使得构建失败。

为了解决这个错误，我只是通过在我的应用程序的 build.gradle 中添加以下代码块来删除传递依赖项

configurations {
    compile.exclude group: 'androidx.annotation', module: 'annotation'
}

所以我的应用程序的 build.gradle 将如下所示

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'
apply plugin: 'realm-android'

android {
    //bla bla bla
}

configurations {
    compile.exclude group: 'androidx.annotation', module: 'annotation'
}

dependencies {
// bla bla bla
}

在那之后，我刚刚同步、清理并重建了我的项目。